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Box 35 (YFL), FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland 2Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 3Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 4Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, CHE, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand anitipon.n.puttaraksa@jyu.fi, bmari.napari@jyu.fi, cfsciopc@ku.ac.th, drattanaporn.norarat@jyu.fi, etimo.sajavaara@jyu.fi, fmikko.i.laitinen@jyu.fi, gscphi005@chiangmai.ac.th, hharry.j.whitlow@jyu.fi Keywords: MeV ion beam lithography, direct writing, silica, etching, microfluidic channels Abstract.
This makes the PPAL technique suitable for making microfluidic structures.
This structure was fabricated using 6.8 MeV oxygen ions at a fluence of 3×1014 ions/cm2, and 60 minutes development time was used.
In order to change the open channel structure into a closed channel system, conventional SiO2-SiO2 fusion bonding can be used [15].
Channel structures suitable for fabricating practical microfluidic devices have been produced using this technique.

Results and Discussions Grain morphologies of the tested alloy during the continuous heating process Since the Ni content of Fe-40Ni alloy reached more than 40%, so the phase transformation with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure doesn’t occur when the temperature decreases to room temperature.
Fig.3 The experiment results compared with the calculation values for the grain size during continuous heating Conclusions The following conclusions can be drawn from this research: (1) There are no the phase transformation in the heating process for Fe-40Ni-Ti alloy, the grain shows the polygonal structure.
Dislocation Substructure in Hot-Deformed Ni-Based Alloy: Simulation for Structure Evolution of Hot-Worked Austenite in Low Carbon Steel[J].
Subgrain and dislocation structure changes in hot-deformed high-temperature Fe-Ni austenitic alloy[J].
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2003, 81: 493-495 [5] Shaoqiang Yuan, Shanwu Yang, Wenjin Nie, et al.

There is large range of studies addressing the impact of structure at low velocity [1-4].
However, less attention has been given to high velocity impact [5-8] with pretension existence on structures.
Ong (1997), Low velocity impact behaviour of pre-stressed composite laminates, Materials Chemistry and Physics 47(2-3): 268-272
Marshall (1995), The damage tolerance of GRP laminates under biaxial prestress, Composite Structures, 32(1-4):141-149
Jones (2004), The response of composite structures with pre-stress subject to low velocity impact damage, Composite Structures, 66(1-4): 685-698

Piezoelectric resonator has many kinds of structures such as cantilever beam structure, triangular structure, circular structure, annular structure, etc[2].
Two dimensions optimal design of monocrystal piezoelectric generator with cantilever beam Structure.
Procedia Chemistry, 2009, 1(1):353-356

Then the samples were dried at 80 oC for 3 min and cured at 130 oC for 5 min. 2.4 Characterization The structure and surface morphology of the bombyx silk fabrics treated with sol alone were recorded on WAXD (D/max-2550 PC, Japan Rigaku Co.) and SEM (JSM-5600 LV, JEOL).
As can be obviously seen, X-ray diffraction peaks of samples were found at 20.05° (2θ), corresponding to the characteristic peak of oriented β-sheet structure of bombyx silk fibroin.
It suggested that the crystalline structure of fibroin with β-sheet structure was not changed after the sol coating.
Sol particles are generally in nanometer range and may affect the crystalline structure and thermal stability of fibers.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Academic Discipline of Applied Chemistry and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing and Zhejiang Provincial Key Innovation Team (2010R50038).

From the results of refinement of spinel phase structure, was analyzed the relationship between lattice parameter refinement and the substitution of Co+2 ion by Ni+2ion in the spinel structure.
From the refinement of the structure it have been performed the quantification of the phase (with % mass fraction of phase).
This result is a characteristic of the relationship between ionic radius of ions that determine an inversion of structure spinel type.
The lattice parameter of the spinel decreased with the decrease of Co +2 in the structure.
State Chemistry, v. 60, p. 1 - 5. 1985

We propose changing glass structures to be responsible for the change in mechanism.
Binary sodium-silica glasses are also interesting candidates for investigations of principal characteristics of melts and glasses, because they are simple in chemistry and have in general moderate melting points.
One may speculate that the coincidence of this value with the eutectic between silica and Na2Si2O5 is a reflection of the change in the glass structure, which becomes more like pure silica.

The PEI-USPION had an average size of 5~10nm with a narrow size distribution, a perfect magnetite crystal structure, and high saturation magnetization.
Introduction Superparamagnetic nanoparticles with appropriate surface chemistry have been widely used experimentally for numerous in vivo applications such as MRI contrast enhancement, tissue repair, immunoassay, detoxification of biological fluids, hyperthermia, drug delivery and in cell separation, etc [1-4].
The XRD patterns in Fig. 3A show that the PEI-USPION had an inverse spinel structures similar to IOP.

The lattice parameter and crystal structure were analysed by powder XRD.
Powder XRD was carried out to find the lattice parameter and the crystal structure and it is found that the crystal belongs to hexagonal system.
Ramasamy , Synthesis, crystal growth and characterization of novel semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal: Dichlorobis(l-proline)zinc(II), Materials Chemistry and Physics 113 (2009) 727–733 [2] M.

The Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration on the Structure of Iron Oxides@Bacterial Cellulose and their Catalytic Activity for Methylene Blue Degradation in Solution Maradhana Agung Marsudi1,a, Fakhri Arsyi Hawari1,b, Ade Wahyu Y.P.
Soekarno Hatta 15, Balikpapan, Indonesia 3Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl.
The resulting iron oxide@BC hydrogels were then dried using a freeze-drying machine to preserve the interconnected gel structure's structural integrity.
To further confirm its exact crystalline structure, XRD characterization was carried out, and the result is presented in Fig. 2.
Chen, "Synthesis of hierarchically porous structured CaCO3 and TiO2 replicas by sol-gel method using lotus root as template", Mater.