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In the absence of KI, Ag+ reacted with PO43- to from Ag3PO4 as shown in Fig. 1(a) and all diffraction peaks were matched well with JCPDS card number 06-0505.
When the KI was greater than or equal to 30 mol.%, Ag3PO4 was not detected but there is another phase which was assigned as AgI (JCPSD card number 09-0374) in XRD pattern (Fig. 1(c)).

The structure of spinel oxides is responsible for a variety of interesting physical and chemical properties exhibited by these compounds, since it can accommodate a very large number of different cations, some in more than one oxidation state, distributed in different ways among the A and B sites [4-6].
A wellcrystallized cubic spinel phase, ZnCr2O4, was clearly detected in all sintered samples due to the presence of diffraction lines indicated on the JCPDS cards 22-1107.
Also, small amounts of impurities such as unreacted ZnO (JCPDS cards 36-1451) and Cr2O3 (JCPDS cards 38-1479) were confirmed.

Results and discussion Characterizations of the crystal structure for the powders synthesized by the LGC process were carried out by XRD and the result was presented in Fig. 1.The positions and relative intensities of all the main diffraction peaks were in good agreement with those of the standard XRD JCPDS card (JCPDS No. 18-0899, 35-1281 ) of Ti-Ni.
The value of specific surface area of the Ti-Ni alloy nanopowders was markedly high, which was about 54.8 m 2/g based on a BET method. 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 Number of Particles Particle Size (nm) Fig. 3.

Meanwhile, the inner surfaces of the grinding vial are also continuously impacted by a number of flying balls carrying some powder, resulting in the deposition of the treated powder on the inner surfaces.
Results and discussion The XRD pattern of the as-received Al 2024 plate contains some minor peaks that indicate the presence of tetragonal Al2Cu (JCPDS card 25-0012) and perhaps other compound phases (Fig. 1).
The analysis of these spectra revealed the appearance of cubic AlNi3 (JCPDS card 09-0097) and tetragonal AlNi3 (JCPDS card 21-0008) phases.

As shown in Fig. 1, the diffraction peaks at 2θ= 31.88◦, 34.41◦, 36.26◦, 47.52◦ and 56.62◦ are attributed to the typical wurtzite structure of ZnO (JCPDS Card No. 36-1451), and the diffraction peaks at 2θ= 35.5◦ and 38.7◦ are assigned to the (0 0 2) and (1 1 1) planes of CuO (JCPDS Card No. 80-1917), respectively.
It can be seen that the number of CuO nanoparticles increases with increasing Cu/Zn molar ratio.
When further increasing Cu/Zn molar ratio, some CuO nanoparticles exist in the form of agglomerates, subsequently the number of p-n junctions between CuO and ZnO will decrease.

A new strong NiO peak exit at 2θ values of 37.2o and 43.74o (JCPDS card no. 00-047-1049), confirming the presence of NiO in SANi catalyst which is also in agreement with the Roh’s studies [7].
For SANiCa catalyst with the introduction of Ca, as the Ca ratio increase from 10 to 20 wt.%, the amorphous structure properties of the SA and NiO peak gradually reduced and deteriorated along with the new appearance carbonate phase at 2θ values of 29.47o (JCPDS card No. 00-001-1033) when Ca content reached 20 % [8].
Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge the financial support from Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS, Project Number: FP056-2013B) and University Malaya Research Grant (UMRG, Project Number: RP025B- 14AET and GC001B-14AET).

The band gap of BP varies depending on the number of layers [3,4,17], giving BP a more comprehensive range of light responses.
The peak of XRD patterns in fig. 2 matched well with the JCPDS card (No 76-1967).
The peak of XRD patterns matched with the JCPDS card (No 89-4921).
Which were consistent with the values reported for JCPDS card No. 76-1967.
It is consistent with the JCPDS card (No 89-4921).

All the patterns showed spinel structure (JCPDS card number: 49-0207).
As shown in the upper right in the figure, some peaks of CuO were found in the curves of the samples (JCPDS card number: 78-0428).

As is evident, all the peaks can be indexed to the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO according to the values in the JCPDS(card no. 36-1451) data card.
In the meantime, the higher the concentration of RhB, the less the transmissivity of the ultraviolet and the number of the quantum photon participated in the photocatalysis reaction.

A wide application of magnesium aluminate spinel powder has attracted a number of studies concerning the preparation of magnesium aluminate spinel powder.
The precursor is identified as hydrotalcite (Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 4H2O, JCPDS card no. 89-0460).
The periclase (MgO, JCPDS card no. 45-946), decomposed from the hydrotalcite, is detected at the temperature of 600°C.