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After crushing, grinding and screening, the grain size of minerals used in flotation tests were -0. 106 mm +0. 044 mm.
The chemical elements of lizardite were analyzed by XPS, and the grain size of minerals were -5μm.
Table 1 The electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis Mineral Chemical elements Electron binding energy（eV） Electro valence element content（%） Lizarite Si2p 101.0 +4 19.04 O1s 529.8 -2 64.34 Mg1s 1303.3 +2 16.62 Lizardite Figure 1 The XPS analysis of Lizardite By the XPS analysis, mineral surfaces were with a large number of metal ions and oxygen ions, and the content of these elements was closely related with the crystal structure.
Table 2 The calculation results of bonds of Mn+-O2- of lizardite Minerals Lizardite Cations（Mn+） Mg2+ Si4+ Electrovalence(Z) 2 4 Ionic radius (Rc)（nm） 0.072 0.034 Coordination number(n orCN) 6 4 Electronegativities of elements 1.31 1.74 Electrostatic valence strength (S=Z/n) 1/3 1 Average bond length（nm） 0.210 0.162 Electrovalent bond rate（percent） 73.66 53.90 Coulomb force（×10-8N） 2.400 3.556 Electrovalent bond polarity 0.78 0.626 Bonding intensity () 0.14~0.19 0.78-1.11 Average bond valence 0.331 1.02 Through the analysis of lizardite crystal structure and calculation of chemical bond ,we can know that: during the grinding process, lizardite surface bond breaking easily occur in the hydrogen bonding, the Mg-O bond and a small amount of Si-O bond, so that unsaturated Si-O-Si, O-Si-O, magnesium containing keys, hydroxyl and hydrogen bond of reactive groups were produced in the lizardite surface .

Design of experiment (DOE) is an optimization method used to identify significant influencing factors of experimental processes and model factors and responses with a minimal number of experiments.
Commercial HA (Fluka) and β-TCP (Fluka) powder were mixed and shaped into a number of pellets using conventional ceramic processing route which involved wet mixing, pressing and sintering.
From microstructure images in Fig. 2, there are different of grain size at different sintering temperature.
At 1250°C, the grain size is smaller than at temperature 1100°C.

Adding TiB2 in Al2O3 ceramic can inhibit the growth of Al2O3 grains make composite ceramics with high hardness and high strength, and dispersed TiB2 particles may hinder crack propagation, to improve the fracture toughness of a certain role[4-7].
As can be seen from Figure 1, after mechanical alloying process 4 ~ 16h, the diffraction peaks of Al, Ni and TiO2 are decreased, indicating that they are constantly decreasing grain size; until 20h after mechanical alloying later, and the diffraction peaks of Al and TiO2 disappeared, simultaneous appearing the diffraction peaks of Al2O3 and TiB2, indicating that the mechanical alloying process 16 ~ 20h, the reaction 10Al + 3 TiO2 + 3 B2O3 = 5 Al2O3 + 3 TiB2 occurred.
As can be seen from Figure 2, after the mechanical milling 4h, a large number of smaller size particles adsorbed on the surface of larger particles, more particles formed agglomeration, because during the milling process, the raw powder plastic deformation and cold welding makes the particles are composite particles at high speed steel ball collision and extrusion.
After ball milling 8h, there are a lot of the composite particles at this time, and a large number of smaller size particles appearing.

The SEM image reveals the grains nucleate in a cube-like shape.
The experimental data matched well with the simulated patterns from crystallography open database number 9008068.
As shown in Figure 3, the SEM image reveals the grains nucleate in a cube-like shape.
The grain size calculated from the SEM image varied from 300 nm – 1500 nm.
(a) SEM image of FeMnO3 reveals the grains nucleate in a cube-like shape.

Increased grain size can disrupt the regularity of the crystal lattice.
The doping process can produce aberrations in the crystal lattice and increase grain size, resulting in broadened peaks.
The average grain size was calculated as 613nm.
These numbers provide information on the thin film's microstructure and crystallinity, which might influence its qualities and possible uses.
SEM analysis confirms the non-uniformity of deposited thin film of irregular shaped bead-like structure with grain size 613.3 nm and due to high absorption, it is used in solar cell applications for high efficiency.

The larger the number and size of M-A island is, the lower the toughness is.
The lower the cooling rate, the larger the grain size and the higher the volume fraction of M-A island formed in the low temperature zone.
When the cooling rate is less than 5 ℃ /s, the main microstructure of the steel is polygonal ferrite and a small amount of pearlite formed along the grain boundary.
Granular bainite replaces ferrite as the main microstructure, and the microstructure becomes more uniform and smaller, and very small amounts of pearlite still exists along the grain boundary.
Some lath bainite formed in steel A, and the grains are refined.

The dielectric properties of ZnO and Al2O3 are dependent upon various factors such as chemical composition, method of synthesis, grain size, particle size distribution and porosity.
The dielectric properties of ZnO and Al2O3 are dependent upon various factors such as chemical composition, method of synthesis, grain size, particle size distribution and porosity.
The ZnO nanoparticles contains a large number of vacancies of oxygen, vacancy clusters, and local lattice disorders existent in the interface, which lead to a decreases in a and therefore the volume of the unit cell.
When the calcination temperature rises, there is a prompt decrease in the density of vacant lattice sites, vacancy volume of the unit cell shift towards normal values, and the grains start to grow.

Most of the nodules are surrounded by ferrite grains but some last precipitated nodules are also surrounded by pearlite.
The number of nodules has increased and we see quite a few large and small agglomerated nodules.
Ferrite matrix has very fine grains.
Fine grain ferritic matrix, no pearlitic precipitation observed.
The precipitation of higher number of oxide particles increases the number of graphite precipitation sites.

The profiles were found to have a recrystallized grain structure with average grain size of about 100 μm.
All numbers are in mm.
More than 1000 needle lengths and 100 cross sections from one grain were measured for each condition.
The apparent differences in needle number density and length are thus directly comparable.
The reference 26 h sample has the highest number density.

The difficulty of developing a mathematical model based on the macrostructure of fiber concrete is the complication of accounting for the large number of parameters of the dispersiony reinforcement, properties of raw materials (binder materials, aggregates, fiber) and obtained composite material.
In the experimental part introduced a number of restrictions: – dispersion medium selected structure of heavy concrete class B25, B30 and B35 produced from Portland cement CEM 42,5 N, large granite and fine quartz aggregates; – concrete mix should possess characteristics that allow its use for the manufacture of monolithic and maker fiber reinforced constructions; – in the studies used fibers only durable alkali-resistant materials: steel, basalt and polypropylene; – geometric properties of fibers of different materials must match produced in commercial quantities and on the market of the Sverdlovsk region; – the investigated parameters – only the direct measured characteristics of the original substances obtained composite material: geometrical, deformation-strength and technology.
Many researchers point to the need for selecting the fiber length dispersiony reinforcement depending on grain-size concrete aggregate, because of the arrangement of fibers in perpendicular to the load application direction [3, 5].
For hard fibers (steel) an increase in fiber diameter leads to an additional splitting of the grains of coarse aggregate that at a constant ratio of coarse aggregate and mortar matrix leads to an increase in the number of macropores in the structure of concrete [1, 3].
When using a flexible basalt or polypropylene fibers, the variation of the fiber diameter at constant mass (or volume) leads to a change in the number of fibers (dispersion).