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Structural modification of the suction cup is presented with a bearing supporting plate having a material with an adhesion layer [1, 2, 3, 4] on the contact boundary and allowing the down-pressure to be regulated depending on mechanical properties of the object kept.
So distributed loading brings marked changes in the contact area geometry (contact profile shape) owing to the elastomer friction, adhesive and material properties and the vacuum degree.
These changes affect very much the contact stability, and finally they can lead up to the collapse of gripping [5, 6, 7].
In this way an optimal level of the down-pressure can be achieved depending on a deformation of the rim 2, mechanical properties and the surface profile of the object 7 and so a maximum grow of friction forces during handling can be provided.
The function element has not been tested in a dusty or dirty environment and it can be assumed that the contaminated surface will negatively affect the level of the gripping forces.

Introduction Low density and excellent corrosion resistance combined with good mechanical properties as well as high thermal conductivity are the characteristics that aluminium and its alloys can provide for specific applications.
A significant improvement of the mechanical properties of these cast alloys can be obtained if the microstructural features, i.e. the primary α-aluminium grains and the eutectic phase, can be reduced in size [3-4].
Kaufman, Aluminium Alloys (Chapter 3), Mechanical Engineers Handbook: Materials and Mechanical Design, Volume 1, third Ed, pp. 59-62, 2006
Pearson, Factors Affecting Grain Refinement of Aluminium using Ti and B Additives, Metall.
Mondolfo, Aluminium Alloys; Structure and Properties, Butterworths, Boston, 1976.

Therefore, the transition layer is prone to be damaged under effect of vehicle load and some environmental factors, which affects the stress state and reliability of the surface slabs.
And performance of the transition layer can be analyzed via the microstructure and the tests of macroscopic mechanical properties.
Thus, it is necessary in the engineering projects to carry out analysis and tests on the interlayer mechanical properties, with consideration of the field conditions [7].
In order to better evaluate the field mechanical properties between cement concrete slab and LCB, as well as to systematically analyze the slab-base interface characteristics, the research in this paper developed a mobile interlayer direct shear apparatus for the field tests and prepared specimens with different types of slab-base binding condition for direct shear tests.
This also indicated that, for the pavement without bond-breaking layers, when warp occurred to the surface slab due to temperature changes or interfacial passage occurred, the transition layer was in the most unfavorable state and its fatigue properties would be affected [1]. 3.

However, their flexural modulus and other mechanical properties require enhancement to meet industrial standards.
According to the study, adding more coir fibre reinforcement to epoxy composites improves their mechanical properties [7].
Material Properties.
Statistical Evaluation of Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites: Significant Variations in Mechanical and Physical Properties Revealed by ANOVA.
Mechanical and thermal properties of cotton-bamboo fabric/glass fiber epoxy composites.

For all that, the growing number of proteins containing various Ca2+-binding motifs supports the importance of Ca2+, which controls various protein functions by affecting protein stability, enzymatic activity or signal transduction [9].
Audible sound, one of the environmental factors, widely exists in natural world.
It inevitably affects the growth and metabolic behaviors of organism.
As a mechanical wave, audible sound would produce a mechanical stress to E.coli cells, similar to an alternate pull and press forces.
Xi, The effects of alternative stress on the thermodynamic properties of cultured tobacco cells.

The electrical conductivity, mechanical property, dimensional precision and surface finish of copper strip can directly affect its performance and quality.
According to Table 1, three design factors, each with three levels, are specified for copper strip drawing.
The three factors are assigned as follows: Factor A: the length of the reduction zone L1; Factor B: the length of the bearing zone L2; Factor C: the friction f.
Table1 Factors and levels of the orthogonal experiment Factors Description Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 A L1 (mm) 1 2 3 B L2 (mm) 1 2 3 C f 0.05 0.1 0.2 Table 2 Scheme and results of the orthogonal experiment Number A B C Drawing load (N) 1 3 3 0.05 1526.1 2 1 2 0.2 2879.6 3 3 1 0.2 2504 4 1 3 0.1 2304.4 5 2 3 0.2 2428.6 6 3 2 0.1 1926.4 7 2 2 0.05 1473.8 8 2 1 0.1 1816.6 9 1 1 0.05 1996 In order to find out the optimum levels of L1, L2 and f, Fig.7 is plotted for drawing load.
Notes that Ki is the average value at the same factor i ( i=1, 2, 3).

Properties of coolant such as viscosity, density, and surface tension are important and will affect the droplet size.
Hence, coolant surface tension, viscosity, and density are important factors for droplet size [2, 3].
A droplet size depends on coolant properties like viscosity, density, and surface tension.
In assist atomizer, liquid properties, density, viscosity, and surface tension are important.
The effect of cutting fluid properties on spray is analyzed.

The physical properties of the material of tool electrodes, such as melting point, thermal and electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, homogeneity [13, 14] and the like, significantly influence this parameter.
The following Table 1 summarizes the basic physical properties of selected materials used for tool electrodes in EDM machining.
The following Table 2 shows the overview of basic physical properties of graphite R8500, which was used for manufacturing the tool electrodes of Type No. 1 and No. 2.
Pandová, Progressive technology diagnostic and factors affecting to machinability, Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (2014) 183-190
Mižáková, Analysis of heat-affected zone depth of sample surface at electrical discharge machining with brass wire electrode, Strojarstvo: Journal for Theory and Application in Mechanical Engineering 51/6 (2009) 633-640

Hybrid hydrogels displayed minimal cytotoxic properties and allow tailoring of mechanical properties by variation of the loading of the maleic component in the composite.
Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterisation of hydrogels 3.1.2 Swelling studies The swelling properties of scaffolds must be considered when synthesising tissue substitutes due to the influence of swelling on mechanical properties and subsequent cell attachment, migration and neovascularisation [13].
However, in bone tissue engineering, this increase in swelling may have a profound effect on the sustained release of encapsulated growth factors, necessary for cell proliferation and differentiation.
In addition, the decrease in mechanical properties may be attributed to the increase in swelling upon incorporation of maleic chitosan and maleic PVA.
An increase in swelling of hydrogels has previously been shown to result in alteration of mechanical properties, resulting in weaker scaffolds [19, 20, 21].

Introduction Metal/carbon Nano-composite films have attracted a significant attention for decades because of their unique mechanical, chemical and electronic properties[1,2,3,4,5] which have potential applications in many fields.
The association between the matrix and encapsulated metallic phase can improve the overall properties of the composite films which cannot be achieved by them individually.
The chemical composition, structure and the mechanical properties of the Nano-composite films at different C2H2 flow rate were investigated.
Fig. 9 The mean phase separation with different C2H2 flow rate The Mechanical Properties.
The best mechanical property of the films was obtained at 50 sccm with the best hardness of 21.6 GPa, the highest H/E of 0.1 and the highest ERP of 0.5.