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A upper entry used for translating the packing materials was arranged at the steady overlying strata on the top of the working face, and it had a parallel position to the strike of the coal seam[4].
Here we suggest the rational stowing material could be high water material, paste-like material, high concentration cemented stowing material or ultra high water material.
Science Press，2009. [ In Chinese] [2] Yaodong Jiang，Hongwei Wang，Sheng Xue， et al.
International Journal of Coal Geology，2012，95：20-33
International Journal of Mining Science and Technology，2013，23(5)：625-630

A Combinatorial Study for Interdiffusion, Crystallography and Mechanical Behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga Alloys Le Zhou1,a, Anit Giri2,3,b, Kyu Cho3,c and Yongho Sohn1,d 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA 2SURVICE Engineering Company, Belcamp, MD, 21017, USA 3Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005, USA alezhoubuaa@gmail.com, banit.giri.ctr@mail.mil, ckyu.c.cho2.civ@mail.mil, dyongho.sohn@ucf.edu Keywords: NiMnGa, Martensite, TEM, Nanoindentation.
An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments, Journal of materials research 7 (1992) 1564-1583
Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology, Journal of Materials Research, 19 (2004) 3-20
Martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of Ni49+xMn36–xIn15 (x= 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A, 646 (2015) 57-65
Nanomechanics and magnetic structure of orthorhombic Ni–Mn–Ga martensite, Materials Science and Engineering A, 481 (2008) 66-72

Ahmed Murat [3] studied the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, tool path and depth of cut process parameters on the surface roughness in the pocket machining of AA5083 aluminum alloy materials used Taguchi method.
Arab Journal of Science and Engineering. 38:705–714(2013)
V et al. : Application of response surface methodology in describing the performance of coated carbide tools when turning AISI 1045 steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 145(1): 46–58(2004)
Journal of Industrial Technology. 17(2): 1–8(2001)
Wiley-Inter science, Hoboken. (2007) ISBN 978-0- 470-05357-7

Selective Laser Melting-Sintering Technology: From Dental Co-Cr Alloys to Dental Ceramic Materials Konstantinos Dimitriadis1,a* and Simeon Agathopoulos2,b 1Division of Dental Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Greece 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Greece adimitriadiskonstantinos@hotmail.com, bsagat@uoi.gr Keywords: CAD/CAM; Selective Laser Melting; Co-Cr alloys; dental ceramics; dental prosthesis Abstract.
Shen, Laser sintering of ceramics, Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies 1 (2013) 315–321
Shi, Microstructure and mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP dental ceramics fabricated by selective laser sintering combined with cold isostatic pressing, International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture 1 (2018) 239-245
Sing, Review of selective laser melting: Materials and applications.
Greil, Additive manufacturing of ceramic-based materials.

Theoritical overview Cold spray as a coating technology initially developed in the mid1980s at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Novosibirisk.
The Russians scientist successfully deposited a wide range of pure metals, metallic alloys, polymers and composites onto a variety of substrate materials and they demonstrated that very high coating deposition rates are attainable using the cold spray process [5].
[5] M.Grujicic, Z.L.Zhao, W.S. deRosset, D.Helfritch, Adiabatic Shear Instability based Mechanism for Particle/substrate bonding in the cold-gas dynamic-spray process, International Journal Materials & Design, Vol 25, (2004),pp. 681-688
[7] V.K.Jr.Champagne, D.Helfritch,P.Leyman,S.Grendahl,B.Klotz, Interface material mixing formed by the deposition of copper on aluminum by means of the cold spray process, International Journal of Thermal spray technology, Vol 14 (3), (2005), pp 330-334
[11]O.Nooririnah,A.Y.Khalil,M.S.Aludin,A.Rohana,R.R.Zuraidah, Overview potential applications of cold spray process for aviation industry in Malaysia, Advanced Material research Journal, Vol.701, (2013), pp 372-375

Vijaya Prakash, Spectroscopic studies of Nd3+ doped lead tungsten tellurite glasses for the NIR emission at 1062 nm, Optical Materials 39 (2015) 8-15
Lavín, Nd3+-doped TeO2-PbF2-AlF3 glasses for laser applications, Optical Materials 51 (2016) 35-41
Marimuthu, Structural and luminescence properties of Dy3+ doped oxyfluoro-borophosphate glasses for lasing materials and white LEDs, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 629 (2015) 230-241
Wanarak, Luminescence and scintillation of Ce3+-doped high silica glass, Optical Materials 34 (2012) 1762-1766
Azizan, Impact of Nd3+ ions on physical and optical properties of Lithium Magnesium Borate glass, Optical Materials 37 (2014) 391-397

These findings underline the adaptability and promise of this material in advancing fuel cell technologies.
Bianco et al., "Carbon science perspective in 2020: Current research and future challenges," Carbon, vol. 161, pp. 373-391, 2020/05/01/ 2020
Quattrone, "Pt/C catalysts supported on different carbon materials: Characterization and performance in PEMFC," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 6991–7000, 2020
Shi, Gao, L., et al, "Soft carbon derived from biomass for electrochemical energy storage," Journal of Materials Chemistry vol. 7, p. 32, 2019
Nandiyanto, "How to Calculate Crystallite Size from X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) using Scherrer Method," ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering vol. 2, 1, pp. 65-76, 2022

This validated approach is afterward used to investigate the effect of loading path and initial residual stress characteristics on the kinetics of relaxation and the stabilized profile for both cyclic softening and cyclic hardening materials.
They reached -180 MPa (equivalent to 1.28 bulk material yield stress) at the longitudinal direction and -125 MPa (equivalent to 0.9 bulk material yield stress) at the transversal direction.
References [1] Ben Moussa N., Sidhom H., Braham C., Numerical and experimental analysis of residual stress and plastic strain distributions in machined stainless steel, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 64 (2012) 82-93
Sidhom, Influence of steel type on electrical discharge machined surface integrity, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 142 (2003) 163–173
Mitev, Modelling of residual stress relaxation around cold expanded holes in carbon steel, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 65 (2009) 909-917

Emamy1 1 Metallurgy and Materials Department Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran P.
SEM and EDAX analyses were used to examine the surface structure of the anodic materials.
Potentiodynamic polarization plots of aluminum alloys containing different amounts of calcium : (a) 0.1 wt.% Ca , (b) 0.01 wt% Ca, (c) With no Ca It is possible to use low purity materials rather than high purity materials because calcium addition can remove impurities like tin, lead and silicon and this will affect the performance of an anode and it is also a strong incentive to manufacturers to use lowest purity materials that has lower price than the pure materials[10].
Shevets, Materials Science, Vol.40, No. 5, 687-691(2004) [8].
Cerisola, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 247 (1997) pp. 210-216 [9].

Getting new materials are usually by either mixing or separation (or fractionation).
The process of mixing liquids under the influence of the electric field is described in [6-10], and the process of obtaining new materials by mixing in CEMET described in detail in [16, 17], so let’s consider the possibility of dielectric mixtures separating using the developed transducer.
New Materials Creation by Mixtures Fractionation in CEMET Oil and oil-containing emulsion begins to flake, water is separated and formation of sludge is intensive happens under the influence of an electric field.
Saluja, The electrostatic boundary-layer in stationary liquids, Journal of Electrostatics, 3 (1977) 335-370
[20] Information on http://www.science-education.ru/106-7435 [21] T.A.