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The shape-memory effect (SME) at nano scale in thermo-responsive bulk SMPs has been demonstrated and has been proposed for, for instance, data storage and tunable nanowrinkles [8-11].
In term of the change in width, it is significant (over 20% reduction).
After excluding the width of carbon fiber, the reduction of SMP wall thickness is over 40%.

The lubrication properties of the dialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate ILs have been studied systematically, and they could act as versatile lubricants for different sliding pairs and exhibited excellent friction reduction, antiwear abilities and high load carrying capacity[3][4].
It is seen that all of the ILs were superior to PFPE in terms of the friction reduction and antiwear ability which showed that ILs were more suitable than PFPE as lubricants for steel-steel friction pairs.
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. 2004, 49(4):945-964.

Comprehensive assessment on green architecture In the past ten years, more and more architects and estate owners have accepted the concept of " green design ": such as simple and classical architectural form," win-win" architectural strategy, the method of improving efficiency of energy, the use of environment-friendly materials, and the reduction design.
For example, people are concerned about the most direct question: strategies of cost reduction, as well as energy and water, and strategy of improving indoor air quality.
Feasible testing and assessment methods should be used to test the construction of the specific performance as energy-saving, water-and-land-saving materials and indoor environment, which get the quantified data, and the provisions for protecting the ecological environment.

This topology results in reduction of installation area, cost, computational time and has simplicity of control system.
Practically, the recalculated switching angles are stored as the data in memory (look-up-table).
References [1] C.Udhaya Shankar, J.Thamizharasi, Rani Thottungal harmonic reduction in cascaded multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches using genetic algorithms, International journal of advances in engineering and technology, March 2012

Pollution degree is defined as follows: (CO emission concentration)/ (CO2 emission concentration + CO emission concentration) Table 1 Testing Instrument Item Specification Vehicle body dynamometer SCHENCK 364/L/D/1200 Smoke meter KOMYO ST-100 Tachometer AVL 873 Table 2 Garbage Truck Engine Data Item Specification Engine brand INTERNATIONAL Vehicle type 4900, 4x2, Turbo 7636C.C, A5 Vehicle mileage 270743KM Engine type In-line six-cylinder Starting date 1992 Max power 182.7kW@2600rpm Vehicle weight 15,000kg Table 3 Exhaust-Gas Analyzer Equipment Brand and Model Analyser principle Meaursement range Accuracy SO2 analyser Siemens LTRAMAT6E NDIR 0~1000ppm ±1.0% of Range CO2 analyser Siemens LTRAMAT21P NDIR P~20% ±1.0% of Range CO analyser Siemens ULTRAMAT6E NDIR 0~3000ppm ±0.5% of Range O2 analyser AMETEK FCA/Rack Mt.
Under the test of full load, there was significant effect of reduction of pollution, particularly when use B100 to replace petrochemical diesel.
But the reduction of brake horsepower of engines and the increase of oil-consumption signified that the effects are limited to the improvement of environment.

Local-type services studied Service Utility Sender Receiver Contents Balancing of supply voltages Improving energy quality of electric networks with unbalanced load Distributed generation (DG) Electricity consumers, network distribution company Reduction of phase imbalance Sinusoidal voltage mode Improving energy quality of electric networks with nonlinear load Reduction of voltage waveform distortion The line voltage asymmetry is due to the network elements asymmetry or the occurrence of unbalanced load of electricity consumers.
Graphs and spectral voltage/energy distribution across NLE at DG output power - Pgen.≈100% from Pgen.max: a) for NLE at the point of common coupling through ETL-2, without DG; b) for NLE at the point of common coupling through ETL-2, with DG Assessment of the DG effect on the voltage quality in accordance with the experimental data is presented by the coefficient of harmonic distortion (CHD) of the voltage waveform (Table 3).

It had been proposed that oxidative stress is increased in diabetes because of multiple factors, including glucose autoxidation, cellular oxidation/reduction imbalance, and reduction in antioxidant defense [5].
Data from both scientific reports and laboratory studies showed that plants contained a large variety of substances that possessed antioxidant activity [12].

The calculated surface compositions of AuTi nanoparticles are compared with that of the bulk Au-Ti alloys. 1.0 Introduction The driving forces for the surface segregations [1-4] of nanoparticles are i) reduction in surface free energy, ii) reduction in bulk elastic strain energy and iii) size effects.
Surface Segregation of Au-Ti Nanoparticles: Using the equilibrium phase diagram data of Au and Ti [10, 11], we investigated the effects of size on the surface composition of Au-Ti (90:10, 50:50) nanoparticles in the particle diameter range of 10-100 nm.

Syntactic polymer foams are being used to replace the traditional polymer bulk components for weight reduction.
As shown in Fig. 2(b), the strong stress softening at the failure is observed at the strain rate of 0.3 (1/sec) in the specimen 120E while the abrupt stress reduction is measured at the strain rate of 1, 10 and 100 (1/sec).
The mean values calculated by three measurement data are plotted in Fig. 3.

On the one hand, a high electrical activation of the implanted species (donor or acceptor) and a strong reduction of the implantation damage are expected and on the other hand thermal dissociation of the SiC surface has to be avoided.
The dashed straight lines are least-squares-fits to the experimental data.
The general trend is that implantation at 500°C compared to RT implantation leads in the average to an increase of the electrical activation of implanted Al ions of about 25% and to a reduction of the concentration of the compensation of about 40%.