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Results It is known that the hydrogenation of commercially pure titanium depends on a number of factors.
Dependence of S/ρ on hydrogen concentration in VТ1-0 titanium (a) and dependence of relative resistivity of hydrogenated titanium on hydrogen concentration in titanium (b) The authors of [12] have demonstrated that the scattering of conductivity electrons on the grain boundaries leads to a significant change in electrical resistivity.
Luhvich, Calculation of electrical resistivity produced by dislocation and grain boudnaries in metals, J.
Guot, On the electrical resistivity by scattering on metallic grain boundaries.

Our research program consists of investigations on Cu50%-Nb50% composites and on Cu-Nb tubes, which on one hand have different textures and on the other hand the grain boundaries are much different in the composite with a curling microstructure and in co-extruded tubes.
For a fundamental understanding of the strengthening mechanisms a number of models were proposed and developed [1, 8, 10, 12, and 13].
It is clear that grain (here: phase) boundary and thermal stress with the negligible mutual solubility between Cu and Nb phases have this limiting case (e.g. limiting about the moving of dislocation).
This work has been funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the contract number 03BRE8CL.

The test results showed that, with the new ground renewable micropowder replacing mortar cement, mortar strength did not decrease, but also increased, at the same time, renewable micropowder contains large numbers of CaCO3, which can be used as the raw materials of cement baking calcareous.
The chemical composition analysis of renewable micropowder With limestone as aggregate concrete by crushing, sieving, through the 0.08mm square hole sieve, removed the coarse grain in large particle size , then analysed the chemical composition.
a) The XRD curve of renewable micropowder b) The XRD curve of renewable micropowder calcined at 1350 ℃ C) The XRD curve of renewable micropowder mixing and calcining temperature of 1350℃ Figure 2 The X ray diffraction diagram It can be seen the XRD curve of Figure 2a), Owing to the limestone aggregate is based on concrete in the crushing process to generate a large number of limestone micropowder, so that the peaks of CaCO3 is strongest.
In Figure 2 b), the XRD curve of renewable micropowder calcined at 1350 ℃ expressed by direct calcination ingredients and renewable micropowder, due to containing excess CaCO3 makes calcined micropowder has a large number of free calcium oxide (CaO) and C3S.
(2) Renewable micropowder contains large numbers of CaCO3 and calcium rate is higher, which can be used as cement baking calcareous raw materials.

A grain size of 0-2 µm grade particulate diamond grits are chosen as the deposited abrasives to have at least 3-5 grits to form the thickness of the grinding edge of 10-µm in this experiment, besides increasing the wear resistance.
Also, the co-deposition reaction can be accelerated because the substrate is closely surrounded by a great number of diamond grits in the carrier as shown in Fig.1(b).
Notations M, Z, F and r are molecular weight, number of electrons, Faraday constant, and density of the metal, respectively, and d is the duration time.
However, a high flow speed also interferes with the diamond grain ability to repose on the substrate.
The bottom-right corner of Fig.3(b) shows the result of unduly large pore size (20-30 µm) used leading to diamond grains floating on the surface of the substrate.

In the experiments of cutting cement concrete, major wear of segment matrix presented as the friction of chip and broken diamond grain as shown in Fig.4 (b).
For cutting steel fiber concrete there are a lot of big grains in chips of steel fiber and steel wire.
In the sawing of steel fiber concrete, the number of deep empty place and flat empty places on the segment surface was larger than that of cement concrete because there were a lot of steel fiber in chips, which caused diamonds serious damage and easy dropping.
The number of diamonds in the forms of flatted diamond, deep empty place and flat empty places on saw blade No.B4 is more than three others.
Especially the large grain chips with steel material move at high speed against the steel body in sawing steel fiber concrete process, so that the steel body is scratched and damaged badly.

When debris is generated under chemical effects of polishing liquid and removed under mechanical effects of abrasive grains, then the required test piece with high-precision surface is obtained.
It uses the orthogonal array to set up the experiment for the advantages of less number and elastic deployment of experiment, and optimizes the process parameters by the analysis of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) table and graph.
Smaller-the-Better characteristic means that the better product quality is obtained from the smaller performance criteria, MSD can be calculated by: (2) where >0,refers to the i-th value evaluating product quality, n is the total number of standards.
In the rough polishing stage, the largely convex surface is quickly removed by large-grained abrasives to achieve the maximum material removal rate.
Based on CMP polishing theory, the main process parameters are the size of the abrasive grains, polishing velocity, polishing pressure and polishing time.

The advantages by using this method, it will produce the small grain size, which means denser pellet that can be used for solid oxide fuel cell application.
Phase purity and mixture The dielectric properties of a material depend on a number of factors, frequency, temperature, sintering temperature and time, phase stabilizer, impurities and additives.
The microstructure of this composition is indicated a uniform morphology consisting of smooth, rounded grain with no evidence of any secondary, intergular phase.
The solid state method is preferable because of the relatively low number of processing steps and low process costs.
To obtain the optimum grain size, the sintering time and temperature need to be controlled.

The foaming agent completely decomposes and becomes a gas release, which creates a large number of pores inside the sample.
The inner wall of the hole is densely packed with fine crystal grains.
The sample has more grain boundaries.
When the sample is subjected to force, the dislocation slip will be pinned and blocked by the grain boundary, and the outside appears as the sample.
It can be seen from the SEM pictures that there are a large number of sintered necks in samples 10# and 11#, which can indicate that the samples have been burnt.

Table 2 Technical Parameters of NCX-1 Character Semitransparent or Transparent White Liquid Grain Size /nm 30～60 Solid Content /％ Not less than 15 PH Value 10±1 Dynamic Viscosity /(mPa·s) 100～1000 Bin Stability Upwards of 12 Month 2.2 The effect of �CX-1 on the function of water paint 1% anti-abrasive cleaner should be putting into the water paint before adding the milk-water (11) so that it can be fully dispersed after high-speed mixing; By adding the milk-water, the NCX-1 denaturation water paint was got following the normal technique, and then it was marked as 2 # paint.
Table 4 Technical Parameter of SS-1 Character Opaque yellow Liquid Grain/nm 30～50 Solid content/％ Not less than 25 PH Value 10±1 Dynamic Viscosity /(mPa·s) 2000～3000 Bin Stability Upwards of 12 Month 3.2 The effect of SS----1 on the function of water paint 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% hydrophobing agent (SS-1) should be putting into the water paint before adding the milk-water (11) so that it can be fully dispersed after high-speed mixing; By adding the milk-water, the SS-1 denaturation water paint was got following the normal technique, and then it was marked as 3 #, 4#, 5# and 6# paint.
Table 5 Test Result of Hydrophobic Property Number 3# 4# 5# 6# Phenomena Paint film was soaked Hydrophobic property of dry film as if lotus leaf As table 5 shows, when putting 1% and 2% hydrophobing agent (SS-1), the hydrophobic property is not obvious; while when putting 3% and 4% hydrophobing agent, it can be easily found.
Table 6 Technical Parameter of XLH-1 Character Opaque White Liquid Grain/nm 30～50 Solid content/％ Not less than30 PH Value 10±1 Dynamic Viscosity/(mPa·s) 100～1000 Bin Stability Upwards of 12 Month 4.2 The effect of (XLH----1) on the function of water paint 1%, 3% and 5% water nanometer anti-aging agent should be putting into the water paint before adding the milk-water (11) so that it can be fully dispersed after high-speed mixing; By adding the milk-water, the XLH-1 denaturation water paint was got following the normal technique and then it was marked as 7 #, 8#, and 9# paint.
Table 7 Test Result of adhesive force Number 1# 7# 8# 9# Adhesive force /class l 1 1 1 Observing from Table 7, the adding of anti-aging agent has no obvious effect on the adhesive force of the paint

The solutionized and aged specimens were coarse-grained with an equiaxed grain size of about 0.5 mm.
The addition of Sc to the Al-Mg-Sc alloy caused no change in grain size.
TEM observations revealed that a high number density of lath-shaped β'-Mg2Si particles [4, 5], with size of about 5 x 10 nm2 in cross-section and 60 nm in length, was formed in both alloys.
The stress amplitude σ was plotted against the cumulative plastic-strain 4�εpl, where � is the number of fatigue cycles and εpl is the applied plastic-strain amplitude.