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A study of local drag characteristics in elbow pipe Wen Feng1, a 1Class 111, Water Supply and Drainage Engineering, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China afengwen199310@sina.com Keywords: elbow/bend pipe; resistance coefficient; bend angle; curvature radius Abstract.
Introduction An elbow/bend pipe finds a widely application in hydraulic engineering, water supply and drainage works, oil and gas conveying system etc.
In general, the flows in practical engineering are in turbulent rough region.
[7] Wuhan Institute of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering, and East China Technical University of Water Resources: Hydraulics, the People’s Education Press, 1979 (in Chinese).

In recent years, ultra-precision turning processing occupied a very important position in ultra-precision processing field, as a representative in the ultra-precision processing field, the ultra-precision cutting technology play an increasingly important role in the military industry and civil industrial, the main developed countries are spending a large amount of human resource and research work on the ultra-precision lathe and ultra-precision turning technology.
Engineering Manufacture, 2009,224:1351-1367
Precision Engineering, 1991,13(4):243-250
Precision Engineering,1994,16(1):42-48
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture June 1, 2007, 22: 999-1006.

Design of Underground Coal Mine Refuge Chamber YANG Xiudong1, a, JIN Longzhe1, b Civil and Environmental Engineering Institute, 1University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China axiudongyang@yeah.net, blzjin@ces.ustb.edu.cn Keywords: Refuge Chamber, Underground Facilities, Structural Engineering Abstract.
Mining Engineering, Vol.49 (1997), p.37-41 [3] Mine Safety and Health Administration.
Mineral Resources Engineering, Vol.9 (2000), p.437-449 [5] J.

Analysis On Rheological Properties Of Peat Soil In Kunming Area Yipeng GUO1,a, Xiaonan WANG2,b ,Zhengfa LAI 1,c, Junqing LV3,d 1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China 2 Kunming Survey Design and Research Institute of China Nonferrous Metal Industry, Kunming 650051, China 3 Xi’an Survey Design and Research Institute of China Nonferrous Metal Industry，Xi’an 250031,China aguoyipeng1987@163.com, b601545486@qq.com, chengjicomp@ VIP.163. com, ddiamondsljq@qq.com, Keywords: peat soil; test; creep; rheological properties Abstract: Kunming area is adjacent to Dianchi Lake.
Peat soil with high water content and high compressibility is widely distributed, rheological properties is one of the most important engineering properties of peat soil.
Rheological properties are one of the most important engineering properties of soft soil, and peat soil of Kunming as a special soft soil, and it also shows a strong rheology.

Experimental procedures The in-plane behaviour of original and strengthened timber floors was evaluated by using the experimental test set-up implemented at the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering of the University of Padova [10], which is able to perform both monotonic and cyclic tests (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).
For the test, a standard reverberation room available at the Industrial Engineering Department of the University of Padova was used (Fig. 3).
The experimental tests were carried out at the laboratories of the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering and the Industrial Engineering Department of the University of Padova.
The research was partially supported by the National project ReLUIS-DPC 2010-2013 (University Network of Seismic Engineering Laboratories) and the European Project NIKER.
Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 7(4) (2006) 343-357

Study the Behavior of Castellated Steel Column Encasing by Different Reactive Powder Concrete Thickness with Laced Reinforcement Mustafa Mazin Ghazi1,a* and Ahmad Jabbar Hussain Alshimmeri2,b 1Civil Engineering Department-Engineering College-Baghdad University. 2Civil Engineering Department-Engineering College-Baghdad University.
The tests of the materials were conducted at the University of Baghdad, Engineering College, Civil Department labs.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the University of Baghdad/Iraq for the financial help given by the Civil Engineering Department to complete this study.
Shubbar, ‘Natural filtration unit for removal of heavy metals from water’, in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 888, no. 1, p. 12034
Al-khaykan, ‘Studying the Structural Behaviour of RC Beams with Circular Openings of Different Sizes and Locations Using FE Method’, Int J Civil, Environ Struct Constr Archit Eng, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 849–852, 2017

Influence of Freeze/Thaw and Alkaline Environment on the Mechanical Properties of a C-FRCM System Bonded on Masonry Substrate Luciano Ombres1, a and Salvatore Verre1,b* 1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy aluciano.ombres@unical.it, b*salvatore.verre@unical.it Keywords: Fiber/matrix bond; Freeze/Thaw; Alkaline environment; C-FRCM/Masonry.
Composites Part B: Engineering 2015; 78: 497–506.
Journal of Engineering Mechanics 2018; 144(1): 04017144.
Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019; 174: 107047.
The 7th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, CICE 2014

Mix proportion optimization and shrinking of new developed reactive powder concrete Heng-Jing Ba1, a , Ai-Li Guo 2,b , Ying-Zi Yan1,c 1 School of Material Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001,China 2 School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150009,China a mail:bahengjing2001@yahoo.com.cn, b mail:ili.guo@163.com, cmail:yangyj6@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: Reactive powder concrete, Mix proportion, Dry shrinkage Abstract.
So RPC has bright future in fields of civil engineering, public works, military engineering and so on.
However, Requirements of RPC for high quality raw materials, such as high grade cement, complex preparing process and maintenance lead to high consumption of energy and cost, so it is not easily to find extensive applications of RPC in present engineering.
Based on the situation of China of energy saving and waste reduction, and considering actual demand of engineering, RPC should develop towards low cost and good workability compromised by appropriately reducing strength.

Moral Risk Analysis of Construction Project Cost Management Incentive Mechanism Yiyong Lin 1,a, Yousong Wang 2,b and Jingkuang Liu 1,c 1 Department of Civil Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Architecture Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China ahaolen@126.com,byswang@scut.edu.cn,cljkgowell@163.com Keywords: Cost management, Incentive Mechanism, Entrusted agency, Moral risk.
From the perspective of value engineering, value is the ratio of product function and cost.
Engineering Science, Vol. 09 (2007), p. 45-49. ( in Chinese) [11] Carsten Homburg.
Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering, Vol. 25, (2008) , p. 55-60. ( in Chinese) [13] Jon Broome, John Perry.
China Civil Engineering Joural, Vol. 43, (2010) , p. 139-143

Test Research on Mechanical Property of GFRP Bolt under Freeze-Thaw Cycle Conditions Xiexing Tang 1,a,Xiaoyong Luo 1, b , Qi Sun and Yachuan Kuang 1, c 1School of civil engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China a106371193@qq.com, btudou0522@163.com, c87552553@qq.com Keywords: GFRP, Durability, Anchoring, Freeze-Thaw Cycle Abstract.
Introduction Anchoring by bolts is an important field in civil engineering, which is widely used in slopes, foundation pits, dams, sea routes, mining pits and airports[1-3].
In engineering application, especially those with free-ended anchoring bolts, attention should be paid to freeze-thaw cycle’s influence on degradation of tensile strength.
The degradation of elastic modulus of GFRP bolt under freeze-thaw cycle conditions may not be considered in engineering application.
References [1] Cheng Liangkui, Li Xiangfan: Ground Anchoring, Soil Nail And Shotcreting-Principles, Design and Application, China Architecture & Building Press, 2010; [2] Zhang Lewen, Current Ground Anchoring Theories [J], Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2002, 23(5): 627-631; [3] Zeng Xianming, Lei Zhiliang, Zhang Wenjin: On Issues of “Bolt as a Time Bomb”-Response to Professor Guo Yingzhong, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2002, 21(1).143-147; [4] Xie Jingjing: Research on Anchoring Mechanism and Design Method of Fiber Reinforced Plastics Bolt [D], Zhengzhou University, 2002; [5] Gao Lei: Experimental Study on Tensile Character and Failure Mechanism of GFRP Rebar [Master Dissertation], Zhengzhou, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, 2007; [6] Huang Zhihuai, Li Guoxiong, Li Yuqi: On-Site Comparison Tests on Bearing Capacity of GFRP Bolts in Different Diameters, 2010, 24(6):31-35; [7] Cusson R, Xi Yunping: The Behavior of Fiber Reinforced