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Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) Table 1 Nanobeam EDX results of the as-spun Cu60Zr30Ti10 (a) and Cu60Hf30Ti10 (b) alloys.
However, we cannot observe distinct grain growth of the original cubic phase in the bright-field TEM image.
On the other hand, the Cu-Hf-Ti alloy is occupied by the Cu8Hf3 phase over the whole area and its grain size is 20 to 30 nm which is much larger than that for the original cubic phase.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) phase.
The grain size of their precipitates was about 10 to 20 nm for the CuZr phase and 20 to 30 nm for the Cu8Hf3 phase.

In B1 microstructures, when the shock stress attains ~8 GPa, only a small number of long-and-straight dislocations are formed in the α grains (Fig. 5(a)).
Besides, dislocations interact and entangle so seriously that some slip bands form in the α grains.
The number and width of slip bands increases with increased shock stress (Fig. 5(d)).
When the shock stress exceeds 12 GPa, a large number of slip bands generate in the microstructure (Fig. 5(h)).
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 51501064) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant number: 2019MS012).

Introduction Properties of alumina ceramics such as mechanical, electrical and optical properties are determined by their microstructure (grain size) [1,2].
SEM observations show that the powder obtained after precipitation consists of large aggregates (>5 mm) composed of spherical grains with a size of around 300 nm (inset Fig.1).
Diameter (nm) Number (%) Fig.1.
In Fig. 3b, the TEM micrographs of Al2O3 powder annealed at 1000°C show the average grain size of a-alumina particles (~60 nm).
Spherical grains with a size of around 300 nm were obtained. g-Alumina was formed to temperatures around between 700 and 800°C and the powders heat-treated at 1000°C presented a-Al2O3 phase.

Recently, a number of reports showed Si3N4, WC and ZrO2 nanoparticulates, which were added to the plasma electrolysis bath and could be embedded with layer to form nanocomposite coatings [5-9].
The reason of higher microhardness of the TiC/WC nanocomposite coatings than the TiC coating is that the WC nanoparticulates uniformly distributed in the TiC matrix could limit the growth of the TiC grains and the deformation of the ceramic matrix under a loading, by way of grain polishing and dispersive strengthening mechanisms.
The grain polishing and dispersive strengthening effects become higher with increasing WC nanoparticulates content in nanocomposite layers, thus the microhardness of the TiC/WC nanocomposite layers increases with the increase of WC nanoparticulates content [16-18].
Buschow, F.R. de Boer, Effect of grain size and magnetocrystalline anisotropy on exchange coupling in nanocomposite two-phase Nd-Fe-B magnets, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 223 (2001) 215-220

Intensive research efforts have been made by a number of investigators to find out an aging process which is eligible for enhancing the SCC resistance of 7xxx aluminum alloys without sacrifice the strength.
Zn and Mg shift the corrosion potential to the negative direction, so the increase of Zn along the boundaries can increase the difference of potential between precipitates and matrix while the attraction of Mg to H can easily lead to the embrittlement of grain boundary, which deteriorates the SCC resistance.
But Cu moves the corrosion potential towards the noble direction, hence increasing the Cu content in GBPs of aged 7xxx Al alloys reduces the electrode potential difference between grain and grain boundary, which remarkably slows up the corrosion process.
It can be concluded that the SCC resistance is mainly controlled by the grain-boundary microchemistry, especially Cu content in the GBPs.

It apply repetitive pattern on face of matter (e.g. wood grain, marble).
A number of colors coexist on a petal to form pattern.
The flower costa is that petal has radiative grain along midrib direction.
The inordinate color is not fixed splashes or grain.
Gazania rigens is golden and has grain with terra cotta.

There are has many advantages with the TWB including reducing the number of parts about body panels and tool and die, spot welding; simplifying the process of the body manufacturing, while simplify the structure of the vehicle to reduce weight of the overall vehicle and improve the accuracy of the assembly between components, increasing the rigidity of the body; reduce waste of generation and improve sheet utilization; reduce costs, shorten design and development cycles.
The heat affected zone of TWB of mild steel grain to get up, due to grain growth, the forming performance deteriorated.
From the fig.4 we can also see the ingredients after optimized the heat affected zone grain size finer, grain size decreases due to this organization, you can improve the toughness of the heat affected zone of the metal, reducing brittleness, favorable sequence of deep processing of veneers.

The samples size are 50mm× 14mm x 5mmand the samples chemical composition are shown in table 1.Samples are numbered according to the different microstructure by forging, let the organization more homogeneous and less induct for C series and divide into C1,C2,and the grain degree are different greatly for K series and divide into K1,K2.
Fig.2 is the microstructure of C samples and Fig.3 is the microstructure of K samples.The purpose of solid solution treatment is to make the Zn, Mg, Fe or Si dissolved in the matrix and get a high concentration of interstitial supersaturated solid solution.Fig.2 and the Fig.3 show that the microstructure of 7050 aluminium alloy has no regular arrangement after solution and aging treatment, and the microstructure of 7050 aluminium alloy presents directivity, the grain grown obviously and also uniform, crystal structure was refined.
The precipitation phase and strengthening phase dissolved out from transgranular and grain boundary[9~11].
The precipitate phase and strengthening phase dissolved out and the precipitate coarsened dramatically of the transgranular and grain boundary which decreased the hardness.

Fig. 2 shows average crystalline grain sizes of films deposited at 800°C, 850°C, and 900°C calculated using the classical Sherrer formula, with films deposited at 900°C having the largest grain size.
In fact, SiC membranes for mechanical properties testing were readily be fabricated from the films. 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 2θ (degree) Relative Intensity (a.u) 3C-SiC Si (400) Si (400) 800 oC 900 oC 850 oC 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 Temperature ( oC) XRD grain size (nm) Fig. 1.
Grain size vs temperature for the films in Fig. 1.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 The residual stress depends on deposition temperature, resulting in compressive films for a deposition temperature of 800°C, but very highly tensile films for a deposition temperature of 900°C.

With the wheel speed Vs increasing, more abrasive grains per unit time to work will increase, more abrasive grains are involved in sliding, plowing and cutting which will lead to sharply friction between the grinding wheel and the workpiece.
Therefore, the grinding energy also increases, which will lead to higher temperature. (2) the contact length elongates and effective number of grinding grains rises as the grinding depth increases.
The coolant fluid plays an important role in grinding, which is to lubricate the interaction between the grains and the workpiece.