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The grain size composition of ashes, their structure, and particle behavior plays the important part in the formation of mechanical-and-physical properties of products at all production stages, i.e. starting from processing and casting to burning.
Thin water films in raw brick specimens have a specific structure and mechanical-and-physical properties which are close to the those of the solid aggregative state [11].
The content of raw materials in the mixture must satisfy the required mechanical-and-physical properties of both the raw brick and the end ceramic product.
After burning, ash-ceramic specimens were cooled for 10 h, and their principle mechanical-and-physical properties were studied.
Modified bottom-ash waste affecting burned ceramic products, Vestnik TSUAB. in Russia. 4 (2013) 156-159.

To determine the welding parameters using Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, one must consider many factors including productivity, thermal input, defect formation, and process robustness.
The size and shape of bead geometry and occurrence of various weld defects such as incomplete penetration and undercut are also affected by welding parameters1.
Several mathematical models have been studied on to control welding quality, productivity, micro-structure and weld properties in arc welding processes2-8.
Recently, expert systems in arc welding process have been developed in order to improve the decision-making process within the different factors required in the welding technology.
This system might help the welder to select the optimal process parameters for different material properties, and to give users alternatives on how to control the welding quality.

This is followed by conching, where the liquid chocolate is agitated and mixed at controlled temperatures for several hours to refine its texture and enhance its organoleptic properties.
Load Capacity: The load capacity of a motor system represents the ratio of the actual mechanical output power to the nominal rated mechanical power (Prated) [33].
By contrast, Systems 1 and 3 show lower steady-state THDI but experience short-term spikes during startup, which can produce localized voltage dips or transients affecting nearby equipment.
Additionally, Systems 2 and 3 suffer from high harmonic distortion, particularly System 2, and VSDs would further increase harmonic levels, potentially affecting power quality.
It was observed that during 25% of the system’s operating time, the hot water delivered by System 3 exceeds the setpoint by 5°C, leading to significant energy losses and potentially affecting product quality in the production process.

Analysis and Countermeasure Study of Photovoltaic System Fault Based on Fault Tree and HAZOP Yue Wang1, a, Fu- yan Guo1,b, Min-de Huang1,c 1School of Control & Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384 adark8angle@126.com, bhappytime76@163.com, c huangminde@tcu.edu.cn Keywords: HAZOP, photovoltaic system,fault tree Abstract.
(4) The main deviation, short circuit breaker system, failure,damage, reverse connection.after analyzing the results, As the following table 1 Table 1: HAZOP analysis table Number name Deviation Consequence Existing measures Suggest measures 1 Solar panels The outer electrode circuit breaker Circuit breaker Firmly connect the electrical Regular daily patrol Bypass diode reverse connection or short circuit Short circuit, electric fire Matching circuit breaker Routes are clearly identified Regular daily patrol,Infrared temperature measurement Junction box off Electrical fire, circuit breaker mly connect the electrical Regular daily patrol,Infrared temperature measurement Wire aging, wire circuit Electrical fire Matching circuit breaker Regular daily patrol,Infrared temperature measurement Back film cracking Corrosion cell and further expand the component part of the short circuit failure Dorsal membrane fixed firmly, has the properties of corrosion resistance.
inverter X19 Set incorrectly or shift work point B4 Inverter fault sensor signal X20 Holzer sensor damage C1 The controller signal failure X21 Temperature compensation failure C2 Inverter signal failure X22 Reverse polarity X1 The outer electrode circuit breaker X23 Signal alarm failure X2 Bypass diode reverse connection or short X24 No transistor contact switch damage X3 Junction box off X25 Lightning damage X4 Wire aging, wire circuit X26 Failure in SPD protection X5 Back film cracking X27 Set incorrectly or shift work point X6 Edge cracking X28 Holzer sensor failure X7 EVA and glass of water X29 Temperature compensation failure X8 Cell sheet or electrode resistance increases X30 No transistor contact switch damage X9 Battery unbalance X31 Reverse polarity X10 The battery internal short circuit X32 Signal alarm failure Fault tree analysis of photovoltaic power station.Through the fault tree analysis can identify the direct cause of major accidents, dangerous position and the main affecting
factors of potential causes, which provides reliable data for the establishment of diagnostic measures, to prevent the failure
This analysis process can be mainly fault system identification factors, mainly through its system error identification.

Owing to these unique properties, ADIs have been extensively preferred in many structural applications in automotive and agricultural industries [1,2].
Silicon is one of the most important elements in ADIs because its content affects the microstructure and the mechanical properties as well as it can prevent the formation of detrimental carbides in the ausferritic microstructures [3].
ADI has a dual phase microstructure which consist of ferrite (α) and retained austenite (γ) [4,5], and it is generally accepted that volume fraction of retained austenite is the most significant parameter affecting mechanical properties [6,7].
Kocha, Properties and structure of high-silicone austempered ductile iron, Arch.
Rajnović, Microstructure and mechanical properties of CuNiMo austempered ductile iron, J.

Lack of expected mechanical reliability has been a key factor in the inability of ceramic components to maintain their function.
An important lesson learned from these and other projects is that two important factors can significantly influence the validity of the reliability predictions based upon data generated in the laboratory.
The first deals with the differences in properties exhibited by components and standard test specimens.
For example, because test specimens are often fabricated differently from the turbine component, the properties measured in the laboratory may not reflect those of the component.
Even if the fabrication processes are the same, differences in the surface-to-volume ratios can lead to differences in the measured properties.

Polypyrrole (PPy) and manganese (Mn) due their remarkable properties offers a good performance for electrochemical capacitors.
The capacitance will of course vary depending on the normalizing factor; i.e., mass or area.
The cause of the decreasing specific capacitance in the earlier cycling is probably due to the swelling of the thin film, or perhaps mechanical breakdown [10].
Another example of mechanical breakdown is the separation region between particles which can lead to the loss of active material.
Cyclic voltammograms of the thin films are affected by faradaic and non-faradaic processes.

Research on traffic flow redistribution algorithm under the traffic accident Yongcun Zhua Wenyong Li Yang Zhangb Tao Wang 1School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China azhuyongcun1987@126.com btraffic_anne@163.com Keywords: Traffic flow redistribution; capacity constrained distribution method; ant algorithm; penalty factor Abstract.
How to deal with traffic incidents and protect life and property safety of the people, which has become an important research topic of the world [1].
Capacity constrained distribution method is based on the deterministic principle of the shortest path, which unable to reflect the user travel affected by random factors, as well as the lack of consideration of the degree of road congestion.
The introduction of the penalty factor.
Conclusion Travelers always affected by many factors, such as habits, traffic information and random factors.

In the SPH method, the soil is discretized into a finite number of "particles", which possess individual material properties and move according to the governing equations.
Material properties and model parameters.
The soil will have good properties for plants by increasing tillage depth.
Moayad, "Effects of Rake Angle of Chisel Plough on Soil Cutting Factors and Power Requirements: A Computer Simulation," Soil and Tillage Research, vol. 88, Jul. 2006, pp. 55–64, doi:10.1016 /j.still.2005.04.007
Ramalingam, "Effects of Direction of Rotation of a Rotary Tiller on Properties of Bangkok Clay Soil," Soil and Tillage Research, vol. 63, Dec. 2001, pp. 65–74, PII:S0167-1987(01)00235-5

Mechanical properties of rock and soil media are very complex with many factors on stress and deformation such as rock and soil structure, porosity, density, stress history, load features, pore water and time effect and so on.
It is almost impossible to obtain theoretical solution in so many factors.
It is common in foundation engineering, slope engineering and underground engineering, so it is necessary to study the properties of unsaturated soils.
Changes in the physical properties of unsaturated soil will cause the variation of the shear strength of soil.
Firstly, the entity model should reflect actual outer condition, properly treat boundary conditions and external loads, and consider the influence of various factors, in order to ensure the correct model.