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In addition, the testing of indentation diameter is the most important factor of measuring accuracy, the material heterogeneity and surface condition under different manufacturing process conditions will seriously affect the measurement results.
The theory of using indentation test to determine the mechanical properties of materials was then gradually improved.
The introduction of stress field F1 will affect the stress field in the original one F0, causing the stress redistribution.
New types of SFM and SSM for residual stress determination In resent years, more and more attention has been paid on material microstructure and properties, along with the rapid development of new materials technology.
Therefore pressure deep can be controlled as small as nanometer (0.1nm ~ 100nm), which is appropriate for the ultra-thin material properties test.

These factors will be considered as the major influence in the design of space lubrication system [1].
However, the complicated environmental factors make the traditional liquid lubrication system does not work normally.
But in recent years, some mechanical parts begin work at low temperature.
The diameter of oil supply hole is one of the main influence factors of the friction surface lubrication state.
Properties of perfluoropolyers for space Application [J].Tribology Transaction, 1995, 38(3):557-546 [2] Zeai Wang, Guoxu Chen.

Introduction Among semi-solid forming processes, increasing interest has recently been paid on the rheoforming process due to its advantages such as the efficiency in cost and productivity, and the consistency of mechanical properties in comparison with thixoforming one [1].
However, it is still most important to produce high quality semisolid slurry characterized by globular solid particles surrounded in a liquid phase in an appropriate ratio at temperature ranges for semisolid state, changing its shape easily by a small force due to its thixotropic properties [2].
Although these methods appear to be promising for future industrial applications, there exist some limitation to be overcome for mass production, such as low productivity, high production cost, and non-uniformity of microstructures, consistency and soundness of mechanical properties.
Rotating speed and temperature of rotating plate mainly influence the nucleation, while holding temperature affects particle growth.
Very similar to increasing the rotation speed, decreasing temperature of rotating plate can make the superheat and latent of thin liquid film extract quickly, leading to particle size decreasing, as indicated in Fig. 2(a). while particles size and shape factor Fig.3 The particle size and shape factor of primary α-Al phase as functions of various process conditions: (a) as a function of cone-shaped plate; (b) as a function of rotation; (c) as a function of holding temperature. 400 450 500 550 600 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 0 1 2 3 4 5 shape factor particle size (um) holding temperature (C) 1--particle size 2--shape factor (c) 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 2 3 4 shape factor particle size (um) temperature of cone-shaped plate (C) 1--particle size 2--shape factor 1 2 (a) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 1 2 3 4 shape factor particle size

To date, many investigations have focused on the microstructure and mechanical property of ECAP-processed materials, however, the study on corrosion property is relatively rare.
The study on corrosion resistance of ECAP-processed materials is complex and challenging, because the corrosion resistance will be affected by many factors induced by ECAP, including grain size alteration, changes in dislocation density, increased grain boundary density, particle fragmentation, residual stress, development of texture, as well as different electrolytes [22].
By increasing ECAP passes and annealing, above-mentioned factors will change, thus the corrosion resistance of materials will be affected.
However, Brunner et al. investigated the effect of UFG size on corrosion of single-phase Al–Mg model alloys [15], which revealed the predominant factor on corrosion and corrosion morphology to be dislocation density.
(2) Dislocation density is an very important factor on the corrosion resistance of the Al–3.9%Cu alloy.

At last, by using parametric study method, the influence of sediment properties on complex impedance at rock-socketed pile head is studied.
It is shown that sediment properties have significant influence on complex impedance at the head of rock-socketed pile.
Introduction In the construction process of rock-socketed pile constructed by mechanical borehole method, the quality of pile toe embedded into bedrock is an important factor.
On the one hand this quality is due to the bedrock properties and the embedded depth of pile toe into bedrock, on the other hand this quality is controlled by the sediment properties under the pile toe.
Then, the influence of sediment properties on complex impedance is carefully investigated by using parametric study method.

In order to solve the problem, the influencing factors on the polymer elastic recovery were firstly analyzed in this article.
Process factors and models The main factors affecting the quality of V-groove during TMI are temperature, pressure and imprint time.
The temperature of deeper layer does not change, and is not affected by the pressure.
The modification of the embossment height of the mold was proposed according to the influencing factors in order to reduce the size error of V-groove, and then the modification formula was derived to design the new mold’s microstructure.
New polymer structure and properties, Science Press, BeiJing, 2009, 214-253.

The thus-formed oxide scale affects the strip surface finish in ways such as surface roughness.
Any factor that affects the flow of material such as temperature, reduction and friction will affect the deformation of the oxide scale and the surface roughness.
In this study, a programme written in Python language was developed to construct the finite element method (FEM) model including geometrical shape, mesh, material properties, boundary and initial conditions, control parameters in Marc FEM package.
It shows that the lubricant only affects the roughness of the oxide scale surface.
Summary There are many factors that can affect roughness transformation in hot strip rolling process.

Other coatings, such as multilayered ceramic and metallic coatings, can offer unique physical and mechanical properties due to the refined microstructure.
The mechanical properties of the thin film and the adhesion quality between coating layers and between the thin film and the substrate determine its functional characteristics.
These properties are very sensitive to a number of factors, which are determined by the deposition technique and by processing parameters.
For essentially the same material, the thinfilm properties may be quite different from bulk properties.
An alternative way to determine the mechanical properties of thin films is by the use of laserbased ultrasonics (LBU).

The result reveals that, much difference of grinding characteristics exists among three kinds of NiTi alloy because of the pore rate and the mechanical performance induced by TiH2.
On the other hand, in the current stage, many investigations into the NiTi alloy are mainly concentrated on the fabrication technique and mechanical properties.
The relationship is explored and researched in detail between the grit depth of cut and the corresponding factors, such as grinding force ratio, specific grinding energy, surface roughness and surface microstructure.
Table 1 The chemical composition of porous NiTi alloy and corresponding property Raw Material (Mass fraction %) Sample No.
On the other hand, the ratio between normal force and tangential force (Fn/Ft) could be utilized to display the grinding property of the special material under identical machining condition.

To obtain mechanical properties concerning the base and welded metals, a series of creep and tensile tests were conducted at 600 ºC, and creep crack growth tests were also performed under different applied loads using 1/2" compact tension specimens at 600 ºC.
The selection of the G91 steel is based primarily on its low thermal expansion coefficient and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in water/steam systems compared to austenitic stainless steels, and also has better mechanical properties at elevated temperatures compared to alternate 2.25Cr-1Mo steel [1-3].
After welding, morphologies of the welded block were observed for the BM, WM and heat affect zone (HAZ) regions.
To obtain material properties used in C* equation, the tensile, creep and CCG tests were performed for the BM and the WM of the G91 steel.
Results and Discussion Material properties.