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Kaolin clay was incorporated into flame retardant at four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt% of flame retardant) to investigate the synergism between the flame retardant materials.
Experimental Materials Kaolin clay was supplied by Kaset center, Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was purchased from Clariant.
A number of bubbles in the specimen obtained from the char of composites can act as a physical barrier, which prevent combustible gases from feeding the flame and also separates oxygen from the burning materials.
SEM micrographs of composites filled with kaolin clay, showing bubbles indicated a physical barrier to prevent combustible gases from feeding the flame and also separates oxygen from the burning materials.
Journal of Fire Sciences. 24 (2006) 487-498.

In spite of the multiple advantages we mentioned, plastics are well known as weak materials.
Science, 203, pp. 31 – 38
[12] Lancaster, J.K., Polymer Science, Edited by A.D.
[14] Chen, Y.K., Failure Mechanisms in plastic gears, 4e CMET, mars 1999, pp. 735 – 741 [15] Koffi, D., Gauvin, R., Yelle, H., Heat generation in thermoplastic spur gear, ASME Journal of mechanisms, transmission and automation in design, 107, pp.31-37, mars 1985
[19] Koffi D., Usage and evolution of plastic materials and polymeric matrix composites in the technology of gear transmissions, Note de veille technologique réalisée pour CETIM (Senlis) – France, 2004

Lately, there has been growing interest in finding sustainable, effective, and biodegradable materials, such as plant fibres, for composite reinforcement [1].
Materials and Methods 2.1 Fibre Extraction The Newbouldia L. plant was sourced from Enugu State in Nigeria.
Bala, Physical and mechanical properties of flax fibre and its composites: A Review, Journal of Material Sciences and Engineering. 10 (2022) 015
Baetens, Thermal and mechanical properties of flax fibers as potential composite reinforcement, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. 286(6) (2001) 342-349
Ali, Tensile mechanical performance of natural/natural fiber reinforced hybrid bio-composite materials – A statistical approach, Journal of Industrial Textiles, 54 (2024) 1-31.

Not only the material conservation for macroscopically consideration, but also several chemical reaction that probably exit in ash-water were took into account.
References [1] XU.H，Studies on the characteristics of aerosol and trace metals emitted from a CFB coal-fired power plant:Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae.Vol .24(2004) p 516-519 [2]WU C.J, Characteristics Of Mercuryemission And Demercurization Property Of ND System Of A 410t/H Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler:Journal Of Fuel Chemistry And Technology, Vol36(2008),P540-544 [3] H.A.van der Sloot,R.N.J.Comans,O.Hjelmar.Similarities in the leaching behaviour of trace contaminants from waste, stabilized waster, construction materials and soils.
The Science of the Environment, 178(1996):111-126 [4] Bernard Ludwig, Partap Khanna.Heavy metal release from different ashes during serial batch tests using water and acid.
Waste Management, vol25 (2005): 1055–1066 [5] SUN Lu, Experimental investigation on heavy metal emission performance from incineration of municipal solid waste: Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, vol9, (2003): p516-520 [6]MEN.J,ZHANG.JYZHONG.Q, Development of thermodynamic equilibrium prediction of trace arsenic and selenium speciation during coal combustion: Techniques and Equipment For Enviro poll cont,，VOL3（20029）：P1-5 [7]YAN.JH, Leaching Behavior Of Heavy Metals From Mswi Fly Ash.
Journal Of Fuel Chemistry And Technology，VOL32.，（2004）：P65-68.

In the present study of Δd optimization, one would want it to be valid for more types of materials.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 31 (2008) 565-9
Advanced Materials Research 83-86: (2010) 342-9
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Sciences (Proc. of IMechE Part C) 223: (2009) 2125-34
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 194(1-3): (2007) 81-88

It is widely used in packaging materials.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2001.80(8): 1120-1129
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2004, 93(2): 911-919
Polymer Materials Science and Engineering. 2001, 17(6): 111-117
Journal of Functional Materials, 2007, 28 (12): 2004 -2007

[4] B.L.Mordike, T.Ebert, Magnesium: Properties-applications-potential, Material Science Engg.
[6] Mordike, B.L. and Ebert, T., “ Magnesium: properties-applications-potential,” Materials science and engineering A, Vol. 302, No.1, pp. 37- 45, 2001
[8] Elizer, D. and Aghion, E., “Magnesium science, Technology and Applications, “ Advanced performance materials, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 201-212, 1998
Y., Zhang, H.L., Kang, Y.L. and Suzuki, H.G., “Preparation and characterization of ass rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets, “ Journal of Materials Processing technology, Vol. 184, No. 1-3, pp. 102-107, 2007
Mechanical and thermal modeling of friction stir welding , Journal of materials processing technology, 2006, 171(3): 348-357

Introduction Turning has been used for centuries mainly for cutting various types of metallic materials.
A growing demand for machining these intractable materials requires new advanced turning technologies [1].
Active materials, in particular piezoelectric or magnetostrictive materials, are used widely to make actuators because they can easily convert high-frequency electrical energy into mechanical vibration [4].
The use of active materials for machining processes: A review, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, December 2007, Pages 2189–2206 [5] Gi Dae Kim, Byoung Gook Loh.
An ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device for micro V-groove machining: Kinematical analysis and micro V-groove machining characteristics, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, July 2007, Pages 181–188 [6] J.H.

Introduction Titanium alloys are known as difficult-to-machine materials, especially at dry machining, due to their several inherent properties[1-3].
At lastly, metals which are more adhesive tend to exhibit more ductility at elevated temperatures, thereby leading to possible cold-welding between the abrasive grits and workpiece materials.
Liu: Machining Science and Technology Vol.3, (1999), p.107 [2] E.Q.
Wang: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.68 (1997), p. 262 [3] U.
Axinte: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol.166, (2005), p.398

Complete and reliable data on changes in the properties and structure of the marked materials is required for high efficiency in various industries [5, 6, 7].
Vasiliev, S.G Gorny, Technology of creating surface microstructures on sheet materials using fiber laser, Metalworking 3(93) (2016) 20-25
Wu, An adaptive image binarization method for laser direct marking data matrix symbols on metal surface, Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (2013) 1319-1323.
Petkova, Laser marking technology of serial products from metal and polymeric materials for their accounting and identification, Metalworking 1(79) (2014) 21-26
Veiko, Investigation of production related impact on the optical properties of color laser marking, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 274 (2019) 116263