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The mixed-phase nc-Si:H material is composed of nano-sized crystalline grains of Si embedded in an amorphous matrix.
This results in an increased defect concentration that is manifested by the large volume fractions of grain boundaries and nano-sized voids.
Material with high crystalline volume fractions has a high density of nano-voids and grain boundaries.
The deconvoluted Raman spectrum collected from the 647 nm excitation (see Fig. 2 inset), comprises of the following main peaks: (i) a sharp peak centred around 515 cm-1, associated with the transverse optic (TO) mode of nc-Si:H; (ii) a smaller shoulder around 505 cm-1, corresponding to the distribution of crystalline grain boundaries in the sample; (iii) the broad peak centred around 480 cm-1, due to the TO-mode of the a-Si phase, and (iv) the a-Si longitudinal-optic (LO) mode centred at ~ 440 cm-1.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant numbers: 92520, 76568, 93212) and the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (Project number: CCRP2-G3).

Figure 9: Vegetation of algae, fungi and cyanobacteria on plaster with high grain size.
The grain size is in the range from 0.5 to 3 mm.
For plasters drawn horizontally or plasters with a larger grain size raindrops brake on scratches and aggregates (Figure 9).
The number of infected biotically facades is higher in areas with smog load.
Acknowledgement The paper was supported by funds from Student project grant competition VSB – Technical University of Ostrava number SP2014/65.

Introduction Ti-6Al-4V is considered the “workhorse” alpha-beta alloy and is widely used in a number of industries.
The common measure is to limit the presence of oxygen to below 200ppm.This paper presents data from butt welded samples joint by friction stir welding (FSW), a solid state welding processes which produce joints at reduced peak temperature, thus limiting distortion, lower residual stress magnitudes and generally introduce a more favourable microstructure with fine equiaxed grains in the weld nugget.
Interesting to note was their observation pertaining to the lower speeds (400rpm) producing an equiaxed primary α and transformed β microstructure while at the higher speeds of 500-600rpm, the weld zone was characterised by prior-β grains with grain boundary α and lamellar α+β colonies formed in the prior-β grains.
The maximum fatigue strength achieved was 450MPa at 503J/mm (medium heat input) and the lowest was 300MPa at 322J/mm (low heat input) at 5x106 cycles, that is, maximum number of cycles tested for this research.

Simulated body fluid Components Concentration (g/L) PH Ringer's solution Sodium chloride Potassium chloride Calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) 8.6 0.3 0.33 5 NaCl 0.9 % Sodium chloride (NaCl) 9 7 3.Results and Discussion 3.1 Microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V Substrate Figure (3) illustrates the microstructure of the cast Ti6Al4V where the microstructure consisted of equiaxed alpha grains, elongated alpha grains and a network of intergranular beta phase.
It is observed that the samples have been etched to reveal the grain boundaries in the microstructure.
Pores of different size are irregular but have been rounded. he most microstructure types in metallic materials are the boundaries between grains or the boundaries between different solid phases in multi-phase alloys.
Increase the coating thickness because of precipitation of the larger number of TiO2/HAP particles layer on substrate [15].
XRD patterns of Ti-6Al-4V Figure 8 Shows of XRD pattern of TiO2 and TiO2/HAP coating sample. reveals the presence of a high number of peaks corresponding to the anatase phase.

Typical examples are mechanical deformation, grain and layer growth, ion conductivity as well as crystallization and precipitation [1-6].
Here, for successful diffusion experiments the diffusion length has to be considerably below the typical dimensions of the nanosized building blocks or structure units (e. g. grains, domains etc.).
Here, during diffusion annealing atomic re-arrangements on the scale of the diffusion length may take place, which induce nucleation and grain growth, again modifying the structural state in which diffusivities have to be determined.
In this report we investigate how the number of single layers within a isotope heterostructure influences the detection limit of diffusivities and diffusion lengths.
Increasing the number of isotope layers and also of isotope interfaces in comparison to the triple layers should enhance the contribution of the reflections at the Si15Nx/Si14Nx and the Si14Nx/Si15Nx interfaces to the interference effect.

The mixture was then filtered and the resulting filtercake was crushed to a powder of grain size below 0.6 mm.
After calcination at 800°C for 2 hours, the powder was ground in a rotation-vibration mill and sieved to the grain size < 63 μm.
Low symmetry, large volume and 312 atoms in the unit cell give rise to a great number of diffraction peaks.
Preferred orientation rises from the grain growth type of the α-TCP phase, which is strongly correlated with the drying of the powder sample and probably with the gradients of the temperature in the heating process.
This discrepancy can be related to grain growth of the powder sample and the tendency to form large overlapping flakes on the powder surface, leading to artificial narrowing of the diffraction peaks or possibly splitting of the diffraction peaks.

Today in Ukraine, more than 50% of the acreage is allocated for the cultivation of grain crops, of which 19% is wheat, 11% barley, and 1% rye.
Thus, the area for the cultivation of grain crops occupies a large part of the acreage areas, yielding a multitude of waste in the form of a non-grain part of the crop - straw.
Plant materials have a number of advantages such as availability, fast renewability, low cost, environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity, and the possibility to use both organic and inorganic binders.
The number of storeys within this structure may vary, but may not exceed five.
These elements may be grain storage, corral, hen house, oil mill, vegetable storage facilities, eco-building materials production, etc.

However, their 28d strength difference is not considerable because reduced the constant-temperature duration at 85°C leads to more unhydrated grains, which can continue to be hydrated in the air, and 28 days is enough for a relatively sufficient hydration.
This is because the rapidly developed hydration product is attached to unhydrated grains and forms a tight isolating layer that stops the unhydrated grains from being hydrated [8].
Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from Guangdong Province Science and Technology Major Project (Number: 2012A010800029); The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Number: 2013ZZ0035) ; State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science, South China University Of Technology (Number: 2014ZC19); National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Number: 201310561024);The 100-Steps Climbing Project of SCUT, 2013(Number: AA20313007); Student Research Project of SCUT, 2013.

The physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of quick-setting compositions based on fine-grained electric steelmaking slag (ESS) produced by Izhstal PJSC, Russia, have been examined.
Characteristics of steel-making slag Item number Property Unit Value 1 True density kg/m3 3060 2 Bulk density - before crushing - after crushing kg/m3 1335 1490 3 Void ratio % 11 4 Specific surface - before grinding - after grinding (during 8 minutes) cm2/g 2153 6838 5 Grinding capacity m2/sec 1,96 6 рН of a 10 % solution - 11,2 7 Strength hydraulic activity (28 days), MPa MPa 2,92 A quantitative chemical analysis was also carried out to determine the oxides in the slag.
Based on the principles of mechanoactivation, co-grinding increases the activity and other technical and construction properties of the composition due to the combination of fine grinding of cement grains and steel-making slag and the increased homogenity of the mixture [9–12].
Compared properties of modified mortars Item number Mineral components, % Chemical admixture1 Water demand Setting time Compressive strength, MPa Cement Steel-making slag Gypsum1 start finish 1st day 7th day 28th day Without admixtures 1 70 30 15 – 0,29 4’08” 4’50” 12,6 31,3 57,0 Without admixtures with milling 2 70 30 5 – 0,29 2’39” 3’50” 18,9 74,8 102,5 3 70 30 10 0,29 2’10” 2’45” 20,5 51,9 73,3 4 70 30 15 0,29 2’05” 2’35” 10,8 50,8 69,3 Plasticizing admixtures 5 70 30 15 SP-1, 0,5% 0,27 4’24” 5’40” 18,1 49,5 65,1 6 70 30 15 SP-1, 0,7% 0,26 5’24” 7’00” 11,3 50,0 64,3 7 70 30 15 Melflux 2651F, 0,3% 0,24 4’50” 5’10” 24,9 45,5 61,5 Hardening accelerators 8 70 30 15 Lithium carbonate, 3% 0,30 4’01” 5’25” 23,1 38,8 47,5 9 70 30 15 Potassium sulphate, 2% 0,29 3’05” 4’40” 16,5 38,3 47,5 1 The content of gypsum and chemical additives is shown as % from the total weight of cement and steel-making slag; According to the data in Table 3, we see that the plasticizer Melflux 2651F being added

A large number of process factors is affecting a final surface topography, which has direct impact on fuel consumption and CO2 emission.
The model number is PT 6-1000-125/LSR 2000-90 with maximum stroke speed up to 40 m/min, torque max. 120 N/m, stroke acceleration max. 25 m/s2, diameter 68 – 105 mm and stroke length 1000 mm.
Each stone has a different grain size.
Both stones have diamond grain and metal bonding.