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Online since: July 2012
Authors: Ye Li, Bing Lu
U/C=U/Ind(a,b,c,d)={(x1),(x2),(x3),(x4),(x5),(x6),(x7),(x8)}
U/D={( x1 ,x4 ,x7),(x2 ,x3 ,x4),( x6 ,x8)}
={x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8}
when remove attribute a we can get
={(x1),(x2,x4,x6),(x3),(x5),(x7),(x8)}
and then obtain the weighting of attribute a by Eq.2 in definition 3:
;
Similarly , we can find the weighting of attribute b, c, d :
According to the EQ.3 in definition 4, after the properties of a, b, c, d were normalized, we can draw the corresponding weighting:
; ; ;
Through deeply analysis we can find the result of a single attribute weighting based on rough set exists the following problems: as shown in information table 1, all the condition attributes are the reduction and there is no redundant condition attributes; so all the condition attributes have an effect on the result of the decision-making.
That is to say, the condition attribute c have no effect on the decision results, which is obviously inconsistent with the principles of attribute reduction.
Yao, and L.Luo: Data analysis based on discernibility and indiscernibility, Information Sciences, Vol. 177(2007), p.4959 [7] Y.Y.Yao: Three-way decisions with probabilistic rough sets, Information Sciences, Vol. 180(2010), No. 3, p. 341
That is to say, the condition attribute c have no effect on the decision results, which is obviously inconsistent with the principles of attribute reduction.
Yao, and L.Luo: Data analysis based on discernibility and indiscernibility, Information Sciences, Vol. 177(2007), p.4959 [7] Y.Y.Yao: Three-way decisions with probabilistic rough sets, Information Sciences, Vol. 180(2010), No. 3, p. 341
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Qing Dong Zhong, Qiong Yu Zhou, Yi Wang
After cathodic reduction (at −1V for 2 min), the curves of capacitance as function of potential were measured.
The elements composition of sample (A)700 ℃,(B)800 ℃, (C)900 ℃, (D)1000 ℃ After cathodic reduction, the work electrodes were used to measure the variation of current with time at the potentiostatic potential.
(3) where ω1, ω2, and b are unknown constants that are to be determined from the experimental data.
The elements composition of sample (A)700 ℃,(B)800 ℃, (C)900 ℃, (D)1000 ℃ After cathodic reduction, the work electrodes were used to measure the variation of current with time at the potentiostatic potential.
(3) where ω1, ω2, and b are unknown constants that are to be determined from the experimental data.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Rudolf Hela, Jiří Brožovský, Lenka Bodnárová, Jaroslav Válek, Tomáš Jarolím
Introduction
The worldwide trend across all industrial branches is reduction of Carbon dioxide emissions.
In cement industry, possibilities of CO2 emissions reductions in combustion process or by optimization of production processes are quite limited.
A) velocity of propagation of ultrasonic pulse B) dynamic elasticity modulus Fig. 5: Selected set of data gained during observation of development of parameters by ultrasonic pulse method depending of time of exposure - concrete placed in gaseous environment CO2.
In cement industry, possibilities of CO2 emissions reductions in combustion process or by optimization of production processes are quite limited.
A) velocity of propagation of ultrasonic pulse B) dynamic elasticity modulus Fig. 5: Selected set of data gained during observation of development of parameters by ultrasonic pulse method depending of time of exposure - concrete placed in gaseous environment CO2.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Constantin Dogariu, Cristina Mohora, Ionela Iordan
Introduction
Generally known, the pieces obtained through injection moulding and cooling process, suffer a reduction in the volume of the known phenomenon of contraction.
By default, there is the reduction of linear dimensions of the piece.
Thermal properties of the material The material injection temperature is thought to be 240° C, as specified in the manufacturer's data sheet and the mould temperature was found uniform at 54° C.
By default, there is the reduction of linear dimensions of the piece.
Thermal properties of the material The material injection temperature is thought to be 240° C, as specified in the manufacturer's data sheet and the mould temperature was found uniform at 54° C.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Xi Qing Yue, Jun Rui Wu, Jian Ting Ning
Various methods have been used for lactose determination such as oxidation-reduction titration method[1], flow-injection analysis[2], HPLC[3,4], and CE-ED[5].
Determination of lactose by oxidation-reduction reaction and its application to some kinds of milk and milk products, Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi. 38(1991), 575-580
Statistics for experiments: an introduction to design, data analysis and model building, New Nork: Wiley, 1990
Determination of lactose by oxidation-reduction reaction and its application to some kinds of milk and milk products, Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi. 38(1991), 575-580
Statistics for experiments: an introduction to design, data analysis and model building, New Nork: Wiley, 1990
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Tian Ming Miao, Ying Zhou
According to government data, there are 23% damaged bridges in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area.
the equation characterized nonlinear single degree of freedom system under the earthquake acceleration , The relationship between reaction of ductility coefficientμ, the strength reduction coefficient R and period T , that is R-μ-T.
Preset the ductility coefficient μ, according to equation (1), through many groups of nonlinear time history analysis can get the strength reduction coefficient of relationship between R and T cycles, the elastic-plastic response spectrum is .
the equation characterized nonlinear single degree of freedom system under the earthquake acceleration , The relationship between reaction of ductility coefficientμ, the strength reduction coefficient R and period T , that is R-μ-T.
Preset the ductility coefficient μ, according to equation (1), through many groups of nonlinear time history analysis can get the strength reduction coefficient of relationship between R and T cycles, the elastic-plastic response spectrum is .
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Ming Yang, Guo Qing Zhou, Jiang Guo Zhao, Zhan Jun Li
Many studies on the methods
for the preparation of gold nanoparticles were reported, such as controlled chemical reduction [6,7],
photochemical or radiation-chemical reduction [8, 9], sonochemical or electrochemical methods
[10-12].
The peak positions are in good agreement with those for Au powder obtained from the International Center of Diffraction Data card ( ICDD, formerly JCPDS, 04-0784 ).
The peak positions are in good agreement with those for Au powder obtained from the International Center of Diffraction Data card ( ICDD, formerly JCPDS, 04-0784 ).
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Tae Suk Jang, D.W. Lee, B.K. Kim, J.H. Yu
Sun et al. [2] have prepared spherical FePt nanoparticles by the reduction of Pt(acac)2 with
1,2-hexadecanodiol and the thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 in the presence of mixed surfactants.
Recently, preparation of monodisperse FePt nanoparticles via the simultaneous reduction of FeCl2 or Fe(acac)3 and Pt(acac)2 has been reported [7,8].
And c/a ratio of the tetragonal lattice in the FePt powder synthesized was 0.973, which is in good agreement with the data of other reports (c/a = 0.96 ~ 0.98) for L10 ordered FePt nanopowder [13,14]. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 (c) (b) 2 Theta (Degree) (a) Intensity (Arb.
Recently, preparation of monodisperse FePt nanoparticles via the simultaneous reduction of FeCl2 or Fe(acac)3 and Pt(acac)2 has been reported [7,8].
And c/a ratio of the tetragonal lattice in the FePt powder synthesized was 0.973, which is in good agreement with the data of other reports (c/a = 0.96 ~ 0.98) for L10 ordered FePt nanopowder [13,14]. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 (c) (b) 2 Theta (Degree) (a) Intensity (Arb.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Wen Kui Zhu, Dong Liu, Jin Song Du
Concentration of expanded cut tobacco can be determined by the following equation:
(1)
2.4 Data analysis
Mixture quality is usually described by the concentration variance of tracer component.
For continuous mixers, the ratio of variances at mixer inlet and outlet is defined as the variance reduction ratio (VRR), which was used to measure the mixing ability of mixer
Results and Discussion 3.1 Mixing homogenization The variance reduction ratio at different drum speed and cut tobacco feeding rate were given in the Fig.2.
For continuous mixers, the ratio of variances at mixer inlet and outlet is defined as the variance reduction ratio (VRR), which was used to measure the mixing ability of mixer
Results and Discussion 3.1 Mixing homogenization The variance reduction ratio at different drum speed and cut tobacco feeding rate were given in the Fig.2.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Dong Tang, Hui Min Lv, Chang Yuan Li
It is essential to help the high performance preparation of DEFC tubular cathode support and provide the basic data for future research in this study.
The charge transfer resistance also has the tendency of reduction, But when the graphite is more than 30 percent, the charge transmission ability has become extremely close.
The results show that the reduction peaks strengthen along with the increase of graphite doping ratio, it states that the electrodes electrical performance improves.
The charge transfer resistance also has the tendency of reduction, But when the graphite is more than 30 percent, the charge transmission ability has become extremely close.
The results show that the reduction peaks strengthen along with the increase of graphite doping ratio, it states that the electrodes electrical performance improves.