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Complete PiN structure was grown and more than 70% of the diodes showed a stable behavior and the forward voltage drift was less than 0.1 V.
Moreover, the epitaxial structure was processed to PiN diodes to study the forward volgate degradation phenomena.
The micro-step structure originating form the TSDs spread over the entire sample surface (Fig. 1c).
AFM images showed hillocks shaped structure covered with spiral with unit cell height at TSDs.
Complete PiN structure was grown and processed to obtain mesa etched diodes but without any passivation.

Preparation and Property of Hydrophobic Modified Guar Gum Thickener Su Ying1,a, Shen Yi-ding1,b*, Lai Xiao-juan1,c, Wang Xiao-rong1,d 1Key laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & technology for Chemical Industry,Ministry of Education, Shaanxi university of Science & technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Provence, People’s Republic of China alee.echo@163.com, bydshen@sust.edu.cn, c3578466@163.com, dxiaorongsagittarius@126.com Keywords: guar gum; hydrophobic modified; low concentration Abstract.
The structure and the property of the modified guar gum were analysized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
The structure of modified guar gum was analysized by a V70 Fourier transform infrared transmission spectrophotometer (German Bruker company).
Results and Discussion Structure of Modified Guar Gum FTIR spectroscopy.
The hydrophilic groups is introduced to chains of guar gum and molecular weight increased, molecular structure became more complicated, which led to the ordered structure of molecular chain decreased and crystallinity of the sample declined.

Diffusion and Reaction in Hierarchical Structured Metal Oxides - a Transient TAP Study M.
This indicates an influence of the pore structure of the investigated catalysts on the transport properties through the catalyst.
Rulle, Institute of Technical Chemistry at University of Leipzig.

Structure and Sorption Properties of Silica Chemically Modified with Copper Malonate PAKHNUTOVA Evgeniya A.a, SLIZHOV Yury G.b National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenina Ave., 634050, Tomsk, Russia apakhnutovae@mail.ru, bdecan@xf.tsu.ru Keywords: sorbents, chromatography, acid and based properties, silica, copper malonate.
The composition and structure of the sorbents on the basis of SiO2 were studied elemental analysis was performed on a HCNS-elemental analyzer "Euro EA 3000» (EuroVector, Italy) with software Callidus 5.1.
Lisichkin, Chemistry grafted surface compounds, Fizmatlit, Moscow, (Fizmatlit, Moskva – in Russian), 2003

This filling effect led to a continuous structure, and kept the water from infiltrating inside of the material.
The dense structure could prevent the water from infiltrating inside of the material materials.
Under the low polyacrylic emulsion ratio condition, porous structure could be easily observed.
The Cobb value of the material was determined and SEM was used to observe the structure of the material.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2007, 7(5), 1213-1236

Brown et al. [16] designed a laminar entrained flow reactor for studying the chemistry of fast biomass pyrolysis.
At present the main theories of robust control are: (1) Kharitonov Interval Theory; (2) H∞ control theory; (3) structured singular value theory (μ theory) and so on.
Mǎdǎlina Mircioiu et al. [38] proposed a robust control solution for the petrochemical process plant, and then tried to offer an efficient optimization solution, considering that the process has a nonlinear multivariable structure.
Design and Characterization of an Entrained Flow Reactor for the Study of Biomass Pyrolysis Chemistry at High Heating Rates[J].
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2008,14:175-181

This slight shift confirms the successful incorporation of BaCl₂ into the clay structure.
Applied Organometallic Chemistry 35(5) (2021) 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.6199 [5] K.
Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry (2025)
Arabian Journal of Chemistry 14(3) (2021) 102982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102982 [22] K.
Sustainable Chemistry One World 6 (2025) 100057

In the present study, fine sized ZnWO4 particles with monoclinic wolframate structure are prepared by chemical precipitation route assisted by polymer evaporation.
These metal tungstates have two major structures tetragonal scheelite (space group: I41/a, with Z=4) and monoclinic wolframite (space group: P2/c, with Z=2), depending on the size of divalent metals.
Zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) crystallizes in the monoclinic wolframite structure.
They were respectively indexed to be the (100), (011), (110), (-111), (021), (-121), (022), (220), (130), (202) (-132) and (123) planes, of monoclinic wolframite ZnWO4 structure which is in accordance with the JCPDF reported data (73-0554).
Chen, Solid-state synthesis, characterization and luminescent properties of Eu3+ doped gadolinium tungstate and molybdate phosphors: Gd (2 - x) MO6 Eux3+ (M = W, Mo), Journal of Solid State Chemistry 181 (2008) 2845–2851

The results indicated that all the BNT-xBT samples were homogeneous with a pure perovskite crystal structure.
The crystalline structures and the phases of the BNT-BT powders were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) using a Philips Magix diffractometer at room temperature with nickel filtered Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Ǻ).
The crystalline structure of the ceramics were determined by X-ray diffraction with a Bruker D8 advance diffractometer using Co Kα radiation (λ = 1.79021 Å).
The structure and the ferroelectric properties of the resulting ceramics are investigated.
The XRD results revealed that Ba2+ diffuses into the Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 lattice to form a solid solution with a pure perovskite structure.

Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Performance of Bismuth and Boron Co-doped mesporous TiO2 by EISA method Li Yang1, a, Daimei Chen 2,b*, Yuxiu Zhang 1,c* , Shuang Deng3 and Yingjie Shi3 1School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) , Beijing100083, China 2National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 3Research Center of Air Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China ayanglijiawei@sina.com, bchendaimei@cugb.edu.cn, czhangyuxiu@cumtb.edu.cn Keywords: Bi–B–TiO2; visible light; organic pollutants; 2,4–Dichlorophenol Abstract.
The results revealed that all the samples are large aperture mesoporous structures.
However, in the present, minority articles have reported that doping metal ions could create the mesopore structure, and increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 [11].In addition, few of reports record on Bi and B co-doped mesoporous anatase TiO2.
N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and the BJH pore size distribution pattern of Bix-B-TiO2 and undoped mesoporous TiO2 samples are shown in Fig. 1(B) All the samples exhibit type IV isotherms with H2 hysteresis loop, which is related to the mesoporous structure.
As shown in Fig. 2A, clear mesoporous and wormhole-like porous structure can be easily found.