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Specifically to casing damage, there are two factors: geological factors and engineering factors.
Geological factors can be divided into formation heterogeneity, rock properties, fault revival, sand production, earthquakes and crustal movement, etc.
When the geological factors are combined with engineering factors, and the force goes beyond the casing bearing capacity, casing damage occurs, as described in the following: Casual factors and mechanism of casing damage The force over the casing bearing capacity Cementing well quality Perforation problem Casing material corrosion Acid fraturing etc.stimulation measures施 Water injection with high stress factost Sand Production Crustal mmovement Fault activation Rock Property Formation heterogeneity Casing damag Geological factors Engineering factors Fig. 4 Casing damage factors and mechanism of schematic diagram Geological hazard factors.
According to the characteristics of formations, geological hazard factors are divided into several major aspects: rock properties and fault revival.
Rock properties. (1) Mudstone bibulous creep.Bibulous mudstones are widely distributed with ever changing mechanical properties and the stress state.

The result shows that adding Ce can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and damping capacity of AZ91 magnesium alloy; the grain refinement and secondary phase morphology modification can contribute to those properties improvement.
The dynamic modulus was expressed according to relation [6]: G*=Gexp(i)=G′+iG″ (1) The mechanical losses (tanφ)were given by the ratio G′/G″.
Compared with other tested alloys, AZ91+3%Ce alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance property.
Fig.3 The damping of AZ91 alloys with different Ce addition The tested strain amplitude(3*10-5) is at a low strain amplitude range and the factors influencing the damping properties are mainly including the solid solution, the second phase, dislocation configurations and grain size[11-12].
Instrinsically, the factors influencing the damping are weak pinners density and the average length of dislocation segments[13-14].

In the field of wood working machines, computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines have become popular as they have many controlled production factors and safety features.
Industrially, this has been found useful even at the cost of losing some other properties like toughness, etc.
It seems to have been fairly well established that by appropriate plasma treatment any required properties of wood can be obtained for any specific end use [6-9].
Wood Composites As earlier mentioned, innovations relating to wood-composites have been made to bring out the desired dimensional, mechanical and physical properties in products, which could not be obtained in solid woods.
The many factors that are considered in this field are; the nature of uncoated natural surface, properties of finishing materials, methods of their application, the purpose and severity of exposure, and their effects on the substrata of wood.

Its appearance is connected with the decrease of mechanical properties, toughness and contraction mainly.
It is proven that important influence on mechanical properties has the size of precipitates besides the amount of IG facettes.
There are not any specific criteria to determine its defectivity and mechanical properties values are crucial.
The presence of shiny rows causes a decrease of mechanical properties (mainly plasticity).
IG cleavage - their presence is connected with an important degradation of plastic and brittle-fracture properties.

Late rehabilitation of the bridge considered the replacement of the 16 structural deficient anchorage elements, plus 4 elements qualified in good condition, to complete a reliability analysis for the remaining 92 elements from the statistical mechanical properties of the removed pieces.
Paris coefficients and fracture toughness Mechanical property Experimental Value Coefficients to Paris Model Equation M 10.9 C 1.9 x 10-19 Fracture Toughness KIC [MPa m] 26 Figure 6.
Summary results from field UT in the Río Papaloapan Bridge Structural deficiency Number of anchorage elements Type of element Large Grain Size (ASTM 2) 8 2 High Pore Content 2 1 and 3 Probable large Grain Size 6 2 Once the structural deficient elements were identified, a rehabilitation project was proposed to replace these elements and an integrity analysis was required to evaluate the structural reliability of the remaining elements, considering the statistical characterization of their microstructural, mechanical and chemical properties.
At the same time, in other four elements, cracks were found near the welding area or the heat affected zone (HAZ) using the liquid penetrant technique.
In general, there is some relation between the microstructural characteristics (grain size, pores and inclusions) and the cracks; but the most significant factor is given by welding and post heat treatment processes.

Working principle of microwave ice-melting pavement Factors affecting the efficiency of melting ice.
The efficiency of microwave melting operation on the road surface is mainly affected by factors such as microwave frequency, heating time, ambient temperature and ice thickness.
Wang Zhenjun [15] studied the effects of carbon fiber content on the mechanical properties, microwave reflectivity and microwave deicing time of asphalt mixture at the micro-surfacing.
Microwave Synthesis Mechanism and Thermoelectric Properties of Mg2Si Based Thermoelectric Materials [D].
Preparation and properties of absorbing asphalt mixture [D].

Available literatures [11,15–17] indicate that the mechanical properties and failure behavior of composite joints are dependent on a number of factors, e.g. material, geometry, configuration, processing and service loading.
Table 1 lists the mechanical properties with respect to the principal directions.
Table 1 Mechanical properties of a weave lamina with respect to its principal directions.
The material properties listed in Table 1 are adopted in the 3D FE simulation.
Parameters di ([0,1], i=1, 2,⋯,6) are defined as follows: d1=1-D1, d2=1-D2, d3=1-D3, d4=1-D4, d5=1-D5, d6=1-D6, where damage factors Di are the degradation degree of the material properties (i.e.

This intelligent BP network model can forecast the condition of actual production precisely by setting the input properties of the material and the integration of products in order to fit the requirements of the wood-plastic composited production more successfully.
When the network was trained in any input samples, the output of the kth node can be affected by G input sample in the interface layer, and the output can be displayed as: (1) Where Vki was the Kth linked weight between input and interface layer; XiG was the ith input value in the input layer. θiG was the ith node output for output sample; Zk is the kth node threshold in the interface layer, separately
When established the model, flow condition and properties of WPC have been taken full into consideration.
However, in the actual production, the factors of costs, screw’s material, pressure and using environment should take into account to build a more consummate intelligent neural system.
Mechanical design, 2005.22 ( 4 ) :57 -59

These properties are mainly due to extensive twins formation under mechanical load, known as the TWIP (TWinning Induced Plasticity) effect.
The mechanical and microstructural properties of these steels have already been subjected to several studies [4-6], while the effect of RSW is not well known.
In this context, welding parameters, and the ensuing mechanical properties of welded joints, are critical not only on the welded joint quality, but they also influence car body security and reliability during vehicle lifetime.
To date, the relationship between these properties and process parameters of resistance spot welded TWIP sheet steels are not well known.
These cracks can be go deeply inside the welded joint and, hence, affect the tensile-shear strength values, Fig. 5.

Compared with soil, rock has better mechanical property conditions, so it is common to see steeper and higher rock slopes without obvious sliding surface.
All these factors above and other influence factors as well as surface condition contribute to the control elements of rock slopes’ stability.
Fig.1 Sliding mode of typical rock slopes Long-term erosion unloading, weathering, underground water as well as blasting in the mountain have impact on the stability of slopes, and this influence is mainly express as affecting the strength parameters of joint combination in different depths.
The dynamic mechanical properties of unloading rock mass mainly reflected in degradation of mechanical constitutive relation, strength attenuation in unloading rock mass, increment of instable rock mass, reduction of rock mechanics parameters, and worsen of groundwater condition.
Research on Rock Mass Properties Near Anchor With Prestressing For TGP’S Permanent Shiplock, J.