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In this regard, the question of their secondary use and recycling arises, because a significant number of discs to be disposed have already stored.
According to approximate estimates, at present, the number of optical discs in the world to be disposed of is 250 billion discs or 3.9 million tons (about 3 million m3).
It should be noted that in the case of the utilization of optical discs in the production of fine-grained concrete, they do not require thorough cleaning from aluminum film and other impurities.
The possibility of using the maximum possible amount of waste without significant deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of fine-grained concrete is noteworthy.
Bykov, Modification of fine-grained concrete with crushed plastic additives, Stroitel'stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 4 (2017) 129-132

According to patents [14-17], aromatic polyether ketones based on diphenylolpropane, phenolphthalein and a number of other diphenols are obtained.
The patent [18] describes a method for producing a fine-grained polyarylene ether ketone powder.
Particles of polyarylene ether ketone with a specific surface area of ​​50 m2 / g and an average grain diameter of 500 μm are milled using a cryogenically operated pin mill.
The proposed method for producing fine-grained polyester powder has low reproducibility of results, a wide range of particle sizes.
Fine-grained Polyarylene Etherketone Powder.

As an ideal constitutive equation, a relatively reasonable number of material parameters should be contained.
These additions works as solute strengthening of α phase and β phase, precipitation strengthening and grain refinement.
Meanwhile, the nucleation and growth of new grains occur during deformation.
This can be mainly ascribed to the fact that lower strain rate provides sufficient time for energy accumulation, as well as higher temperature promotes the mobility at grain boundaries which result in dislocation attenuation, the nucleation and growth of dynamically recrystallized grains [7].
N is the total number of data employed in this work.

By replacing Ga with Y, the perovskite type oxide shows ion conduction with oxide ion transport number is unity, which has the potential to use as electrolyte in SOFC.
The largest number of perovskite oxide compounds can be described by the general stoichiometry that is ABX3, where ‘A’ and ‘B’ are two cations of very different sizes and ‘X’ is an anion that bonds to both.
Post sintering shows the microstructure is very fine-grain and relatively uniform close-packed cells in a hexagonal arrangement.
While for Fig. 5(b), the pores observed to be reduced and grains formed relatively uniform in the hexagonal arrangement.
The reason for this could be that the pores are trapped in the grain (closed pores) during grain growth.

Residual stresses of the second order, σII are averaged over a single grain.
In Fig. 1 the stresses of this type are shown for two adjacent grains.
Residual stresses of the third order, σIII are inhomogeneous across a single grain.
In Fig. 1 the stresses of this type are shown inside two grains.
The spatial resolution of the X-ray micro-CT image is dependent on the number of parallel beam projections and the number of data points in each projection.

An XRD peak is displayed as tetragonal-phase rutile-type SnO2, and the SEM indicates that the powder grain size is several nanometers.
Fig. 3 a presents a few covered SnO2 nanoflowers, and the number is minimal and uneven.
However, the interval between the peaks is large, and the number of individual peaks thereof is not greatly increased.
(a) 5 Day (b) 6 Day (c) 7 Day (d) 8 Day Fig.4 Surface topography of (a) original FTO glass and (b) SnO2 film Conclusion The XRD diffraction peak was shown as tetragonal-phase rutile-type SnO2, and SEM indicated a powder grain size of several nanometers.

Microscopic analysis of the samples of microsilica MK-85 shows that all particles are spherical with an average grain size of about 5 microns and consist of amorphous glass with a different set of particle fractions.
Experimental Results and Discussion Microscopic analysis of microsilica samples MK-85 shows that all particles have a spherical shape with an average grain size of about 5 μm and consist of amorphous glass with a different set of particle fractions.
X-ray diffraction pattern of MK-85 grade microsilica samples For surface modification of Portland cement with microsilica, the mass fraction of "guest" particles W, % (microsilica) size dguest and density ρguest is calculated from the following assumptions: particles have a spherical shape, which are monolayer (N – number of particles) cover the "carrier particles" with a size Dhost and density ρhost (Portland cement): W, %=Nd3guest·ρguestD3host·ρhost+Nd3host·ρhost·100% (1) With the ratio Dhost >> dguest (in particular, Dhost / dguest » 10): N=4Dhost·dguest2d2guest (2) The average particle size of microsilica obtained on the analyzer was dguest = 2.96 μm, and Portland cement Dhost = 30 μm, then the mass fraction of "guest" particles according to formula (1) is 29.65%.
The guest particles mass fraction dependence on the guest particles, ceteris paribus diameter After the usual mixing of a mixture of components that contain Portland cement (70.35%) and MK-85 grade microsilica (29.65 %), the number of angular particles of irregular shape is reduced (Figure 6) and the particle size distribution is optimized.

Iron chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2∙4H2O) (purity = 99.0 %, Sigma Aldrich CAS Number 13478-10-9) and zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O) (purity = 99.99 %, Sigma Aldrich CAS Number 5970-45-6) were used as starting precursors.
All samples have a polycrystalline structure and crystallized in two different phases: a rhombohedral hematite phase (αFe2O3), identifiable to the JCPDS card number 01-086-2368, with maximum intensity in the (110) orientation and a cubic magnetite phase (Fe3O4) identifiable to the JCPDS card number 01-075-1609, with maximum intensity in the (022) orientation.
On the other hand, according to Eq. 10, the decrease in grain size led to the increasing in dislocation density [27].
This can be attributed to an insufficient number of charge carriers caused by a small doping rate.
Also, the increase in the crystallite size leads to the reduction of grain boundaries and this can help to improve the electron mobility due to an increase in mean free path and the reduction in scattering electron centers [35].

It has been proved that the diffractometer set-up provides a sufficiently high Dd/d resolution (d is the lattice plane distance) permitting macro- and microstrain studies as well as the grain size distribution after applying shape analysis of the neutron diffraction peak profiles [13,14].
Sample number S1 Err S2 Err S3 Err S4 Err Peak shift DqA [deg] 0.00 0.002 0.091 0.003 0.052 0.002 0.075 0.003 FWHM [deg] 0.101 0.004 0.165 0.004 0.166 0.005 0.165 0.004 Fig. 7.
From the center positions of the PSD images corresponding to the individual DqA deviations in the vicinity of the mean value DqA=0o (determined by peak position of the standard sample) it is possible to obtain a linear calibration function DqA vs the channel number of PSD as shown in Figs. 8.
In comparison with the conventional neutron diffraction strain/stress scanners it provides a considerably higher Dd/d resolution permitting also microstrain studies (root-mean-square microstrains) as well as the effective grain size as a function of macroscopic strain from applying shape analysis of neutron diffraction peak profiles.
Further application of this alternative can be found in strain/stress studies of textured samples with a large size of grains, as the conventional diffraction method requiring small irradiated gauge volume would be problematic.

Flow number test and rutting test was conducted to evaluate anti-rutting performance of mixtures.
Comparative gradations had the same blend proportion of coarse and fine aggregate, change interference grains content and the other 3 parts aggregate pro-portion keep invariant, in order to research interference law of interference particles.
In this study flow number test（60℃, 7Mpa）was conducted under the optimal asphalt content of gradations.
Fig.1 also illustrates that the result of dynamic stability is not consistent with flow number.
Besides, in comparison to dynamic stability , flow number is more sensitive parameters to fine aggregate interference.