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XRD data were collected between 20° ≤ 2θ ≤ 85°.
The comparison in unit cell volume (V0) of the samples is shown in Fig.3, where the lattice data of the tetragonal (a = 3.994 Å, c = 4.038 Å, V0 = 64.41 Å3, from JCPDS Cards: No. 5-626) and cubic BaTiO3 (a = 4.031 Å, V0 = 65.50 Å3, from JCPDS Cards: No. 31-174) are also given.
However, a large number of Ti vacancies exist in the latter, which should cause a significant reduction in V0.
A lower dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.02) was observed, which is attributed to the reduction of impurities Mn3+ or Mn4+ to Mn2+ based on the sextet signal of Mn2+ in CeCa5 (Fig. 6).

Further, this nanoscale control can represent the beginning of the theoretical limit reduction of attenuation caused by Rayleigh scattering and the development of the next generation very low attenuation optical fiber.
The SAXS data were processed through the GNOM software [12].
Through this analysis of boule C GNOM curves, it was possible to understand the general tendency in terms of nanoparticles size distribution along the boule radial positions: a gradual reduction of the structural homogeneity from center region to outer diameter region due to characteristics of the VAD method deposition.
By correlating the data of table 2 and refractive index homogeneity (∆n), defined as the difference between maximum and minimum values of refractive index, it was observed that SD and α do not have a significant influence on the ∆n.

In the simulation, we pay special attention on the enthalpy change and the free-volume reduction in isothermal annealing, the atomic motions during the relaxation process, and the change of local icosahedral symmetry in the annealed glass.
As shown in Fig. 2, the simulation data can be fitted well and the fitted parameters are  = 0.51 and  = 3.9 ns for T = 580 K and  = 0.85 and  = 0.48 ns for T = 700 K.
In Fig. 3 all enthalpy data averaged over every 1000 MD steps for a Zr40Cu60 glassy alloy annealed at 700 K are shown by triangles for the beginning 1 ns annealing time in the linear scale.
A network structure of the icosahedral clusters is formed in glassy states and it grows as the relaxation goes on, and its growth causes the free-volume reduction in the glassy phases.

With these shift factors, the test data of complex shear modulus collected at different temperatures can be shifted relative to the time of loading (or frequency), so that the various curves can be aligned to form a single master curve.
The reduction of phase angle would result in the improvement of resistance to permanent deformation for asphalt binders and mixtures. 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 1.E+10 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Frequency /rad/s Complex Shear M odulus /Pa Origin Cellulose Fiber Polyester Fiber Mineral Fiber 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.00.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Frequency /Rad/s Phase angle /° Origin Cellulose fiber Polyester fiber Mineral fiber Fig. 1 Effects of fiber on the masters curve of asphalt binders Fig. 2 Phase angle for fiber reinforced asphalt binders 0.E+00 5.E-03 1.E-02 2.E-02 2.E-02 3.E-02 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time /S Strain /mm Origin Mineral Fiber Cellulose Fiber Polyester Fiber 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07 1 10 100 1000 LOG Creep Modulus [Pa] LOG (t) [S] Origin Cellulose Fiber Polyester Fiber Mineral Fiber Fig. 3 Creep stain curves for fiber
The contribution of fibers to reduction of these strains can be ordered as: polyester fiber, mineral fiber and cellulose fiber.
The data of creep modulus can be used to define the coefficients of functions for all asphalt binders containing fibers by the least square fitting method in Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet.

These functions have been used to interpret experimental data, and have been critiqued and modified in many ways.
Moreover, Obukhov et al. indicated that the part of the pseudo entanglement points inside the polymer chains’ network of the gel disappear during the swelling process, which leads to the reduction of the elastic modulus of the gel [11].
The decrease in the number of entangled points due to deformation causes an decrease in the number of polymer chains per unit volume, , an enhanced extensibility, and a reduction in the stiffness of the material, i.e., softening.
Experimental data are often reported in terms of stretches relative to the free-swelling state, , and .

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of CeO2 ceramics at different sintering temperatures with 1 wt% ZnO addition Table I EDS data of grain boundaries of CeO2 specimens with various ZnO additions.
Table I shows the EDS data of grain boundaries of ZnO-doped CeO2 specimen at different sintering temperatures.
Due to not only the observed grains of CeO2 ceramics with 1 wt% ZnO addition being more uniform than those of others but also a revealed reduction in lattice imperfection and dielectric loss, the decrease in the Q×f values for highly ZnO-doped CeO2 ceramics could be a result of the grain morphology as well as the low Q×f of the liquid phase.
A large sintering temperature reduction (100-200 o C) can be achieved by adding ZnO to the CeO2 ceramics.

The silver-based IPMC materials are prepared by the method of the oxidation reduction.
Through above operated processes, the silver-based IPMC materials were gained, and the preparing reaction equation of the oxidation reduction method was shown in equation (1). 2Ag(NH3)2OH+C6H12O6→2Ag+C6H11O7NH4+3NH3+H2O (1) Figure 1 Preparation processing of IPMC materials Fabrication of muscle like linear actuator In this experiment, a segmented IPMC strip structure was created by conducting to handle IPMC surface electrode(see Figure 2).
In order to store data conveniently, the DAQ devices were designed, whose one end was connected with a sensor for receiving the external physical signals, and the other end was connected to a computer by a data line.

Table 1 - Data extracted from the analysis in Nanosight ®.
The values of magnetization obtained presented lower values than expected for the magnetite, however, this behavior was already expected according to data found in the literature due to the coating layer adsorbed on the surface of the particles.
This can be attributed to the spin surface effects caused by the modification, which subsequently contributes to the reduction of the saturation magnetization value.
For maceration times greater than 20 minutes a further reduction in particle size will only be obtained by controlling the synthesis conditions.

(a) Comparison data of total deformation for 5 materials (b) Comparison data of equivalent stress for 5 materials Fig. 10 Results of Structure Analysis Table 3 is a table comparing SM45C, AA7075, AA6061, GFRP, CFRP material applied to the Main Frame and apply the rest of the structure to SM45C as the weight.
Park, Design Optimization for Weight Reduction of The Boom Crane on Vehicle by Finite Element Method, Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering Graduate School Chungbuk National University Cheong-ju, Korea (2012)
Heo, Optimal Design of the Passenger Vehicle Aluminum Seat Weight Reduction and Durability Performance Improvement, J. of KSAE, Vol. 13 (2005) 58-63

This technology not only removes outer heat source used in the traditional Roasting technology, but also increases the concentration of SO2 in flue gas, so it can provide technical support for the energy conservation and emission reduction of molybdenum concentrate roasting.
From the calculation of heat balance, the data of 1# rotary furnace of China Molybdenum Co., Ltd. can be achieved: the actual recovery rate is 96%, the fuel consumption is 93.75kg/h, the fuel consumption of unit product is 275kgce/ton, heat of flue gas and heat dissipation of surface accounts for 56% and 33.3% respectively, of total heat consumption, which means that most of heat is carried away by the two items.
The increase of SO2 concentration in roasting flue gas will be beneficial for the producing sulfuric acid and Na2SO3, and the cost reduction of flue gas treatment
Compared with the data before renovation, heat loss of flue gas is cut in almost half and heat dissipation of surface is greatly reduced, which are attributed to the decrease of flue gas volume and the installation of heat exchanger, respectively.