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A broad spectrum of materials are used in footwear construction as outsole but PVC is widely used which is manufactured from monomer named vinyl chloride.
In preparation of outsole wide spectrum of materials such as Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), Poly Urethane (PU), Thermoplastic rubber (TPR), Nylon is used.
Rothwell, Finite Element study into the Effect of Footwear Temperature on the Forces Transmitted to the Foot during Quasi-static Compression Loading, IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 10(2010)
Jeffrey, Survey on the use of simulation for manufacturing system design and operation, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 22 (2003), 157–171
Zhang, Current method in computer aided engineering for footwear design, Footwear Science, 1(2009), 31-46

The mechanical properties of tool materials were listed in Table 1.
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2010,28(3):330-337 [3] Wayne S F, Buljan S T.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2009,209(10):4633-4637 [7] Bellosi A, Calzavarini R, Faga M G, Zancococ, Derrico G E.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2003,143/144:527-532 [8] Chuanzhen Huang.
Wear mechanism of whiskers-toughening ceramic tool materials.

Introduction Long Period Fiber Grating(LPFG) recently emerged as a passive fiber optical devices and has many merits, such as simple manufacturing process, low insertion loss, low background reflection, small size and easy to embedded in intelligent materials[1].
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.10JCYBJC00400) and the Doctor Foundation of Tianjin Normal University (Grant No.52XB1007).
References [1] L.Qin, Z.X.Wei, Q.Y.Wang, et.al.: Optical Materials,Vol 14(2000),p.239-242
[3] Vengsarkar A.M, Lemaire P.J, Judkins J.B, et.al.: Journal of Lightwave Technology, 14(1996),p.58-65
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Introduction Functionally graded materials are materials that are tailored to have varied properties throughout their volume.
Bhd. and they were industrial grade materials.
Materials 13 (2020), 4060
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 507: 215–225
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 105 (2007), 3462-3469

Mechanical properties were investigated on multiphase materials applied a generalized means to distinguish the elastic modulus of is the bulk, shear and young's modulus with strength of flow for multistage composite material [4-6].
[4] Han, Q., Chen, P and Ma, T., Influencing factor analysis of shale micro-indentation measurement, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 27 (2015) 641-650
Beecham, The relationship between porosity and strength for porous concrete, Construction and Building Materials. 25(11) (2011) 4294-4298
[10] Baud, Wong, T.F and Zhu, W, Effects of porosity and crack density on the compressive strength of rocks, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 67 (2014) 202-211
[16] Medani, Mohammed et al., Static and dynamic behavior of (FG-CNT) reinforced porous sandwich plate using energy principle, Steel and Composite Structures. 32(5) (2019) 595-610 [17] Liu et al, Dynamic mechanical behaviour of recycled crumb rubber concrete materials subjected to repeated impact, Journal of Materials Research Innovations. 19(8) (2015) 496-501 [18] Nikhilesh and Chawla, Microstructure-based modeling of the deformation behavior of particle reinforced metal matrix composites, Journal of Materials Science. 41(3) (2016) 913-925

Introduction Nowadays, the nanocrystalline zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) attracts great interest as microwave dielectric materials.
All this materials were weight analytically in stoichiometric proportions and dissolved into deionized water with citric acid as chelating agent.
SiO2 material which has high energy band gap mixed with composite semiconductor material relatively has low energy band gap and this will produced new energy band gap that will located between this two semiconductor materials [24].
Slavica, in, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia, 2008
Shangguah, Influence of Zinc Ferrite Doping on the Optical Properties and Phase Transformation of Titania Powders Prepared by Sol–Gel Method, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 386 (2004) 43-47.

This unique property of fluoropolymer has attracted many researchers to investigate and modify its surface properties to make it compatible with other materials.
The plasma surface modification is a clean process and may provide good compatibility with other materials.
Griffith, "Polymeric Biomaterials," Acta Materials, vol. 48, pp. 263-277, 2000
Sarip, "Effect of PTFE and OTS on the Ferroelectric Properties of PVDF-TrFE Thin Films," World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 16, pp. 1196-1202, 2012
Kamarun, "Surface Modification of Polyvinylidenefluoride-Trifluoroethylene Film Using Argon Gas Plasma", Advanced Materials Research, vol. 626, pp. 317-323, 2013

Electron Beam Welding of High Strength Quenched and Tempered Steel Marek Stanisław Węglowski1*, Sylwester Błacha1, Stanisław Dymek2, Mateusz Kopyściański2 1Department of the Testing of Materials Weldability and Welded Construction, Institute of Welding, Gliwice, Poland 2Faculty of Metal Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland Keywords: electron beam welding, high strength steel, microstructure Abstract.
The tensile strengths of welded joints were Rm=850 MPa (S690QL) and 1074MPa (S960QL) and corresponded the tensile strengths of the base materials.
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Wozniak, Thermomechanically rolled medium-Mn steels containing retained austenite, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials.59 (2014) 1691-1697 [3] A.
Welding Journal, 63 (1984) 8-16

Therefore laser shock processing can not only improve the surface hardness of materials but also increase the fatigue life of materials.
The fatigue life of metallic materials will be improved vastly due to the role of these factors.
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