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Starting from finite element simulation results obtained from Forge® commercial code (using linear triangular mesh and classical material data base information), it is observed that the numerical fibering prediction is relatively far from the observed experimental one (Fig. 3b and Fig. 3c).
(a) (b) c) Figure 3: Closed-die forging operation used to the industrial manufacture of a specific tool part from a 16MnCr5 steel [4] a) Experimental fibering, b) Numerical fibering obtained from FORGE® using classical input material data c) Comparison of experimental and numerical fibering.
For a large compression reduction factor both tribological and tribological parameters influence the load –stroke curve and the specimen shape.
Table 1: Rheological parameters values of the Hansel-Spittel equation of the 16MnCr5 steel obtained from the material data base of Forge® commercial code [6,7].
a) Forge 2® b) Abaqus Figure 9: Numerical fibering (plastic flow-lines) obtained from an upsetting test of an initial cylinder f36 mm x 52 mm until the final cylinder height of 16 mm using the classical 16MnCr5 Hansel-Spittel equation of the Forge2® data base (m = 0.15 and = 0.24) [5].

Figure 1 shows the weight change data for several alloys tested at temperatures between 575 and 800°C.
This was evident in the measured weight change data developed as a function of exposure time.
The data indicated a monotonically decreasing weight of the specimens, which is essentially linear with time.
A comparison of the data for a deposit containing 1 wt.% NaCl with earlier-reported data for a deposit containing 5 wt.% NaCl showed that the alloy weight losses are much less with the lower concentration of NaCl.
Data in these plots were obtained for deposits containing 5 wt.% NaCl.

In the constitutive model, material constants are determined based upon the experimental data.
The reduction in height is 50% at the end of the compression tests.
True stress-true strain curves are obtained by using load-stroke data acquired from the compression tests.
It can be easily found that good agreements occur between the experimental data and predicted data at the deformation temperature of 973K and 1123K.
From Fig.6, it can be found that there is a close correlation between the experimental data and predicted flow stresses.

The results of the numerical analysis were calculated using data from the material library of AUTODYN.
More accurate and various data are needed to achieve a further detailed description.
The reference material data of the hydro tensile limit for glass were applied in the simulation.
The numerical analysis based on reference data did not display the dynamic damage accurately.
When experimental data were provided as feedback data for the simulation, a more detailed description was possible.

The experimental data on the elongation of Cu2O islands agree with the energetic calculations based on the balance between surface/interface energies and the elastic strain relief in the three dimensional islands.
There is a reduction of the width to its optimal width, α0.
A comparison of Tersoff and Tromp's model with our data shows good agreement for the size evolution of the island.
With its continued elongation, there is a reduction in the island width.
The kinetic data on the volume evolution of the islands agree well with the model of surface diffusion of oxygen.

Machining and cooling parameters Feed rate 0.05 mm/rev Cutting speed 15 m/min Drilling depth 15 mm Air pressure* 5.76 bar Air Flow* 32 l/min Drill air outlet temperature* 17.3 ºC *Only in refrigerated test Equipment for processing and data acquisition For data collection, the equipment shown in Table 3 has been used.
The considerable temperature reduction of almost 150 °C is noteworthy.
Diameter A whisker diagram Fig. 10 has been made with the results obtained from the three-pointer micrometer measurement, in addition to which the data obtained can be seen in Table 4.
Roughness The roughness data obtained are shown in Table 5.
As for the temperature data obtained at the tip of the cutting tool, we can see that in the cooled test the tool seems to reach a stationary temperature range of over 200 ºC.

This leads to the reduction in accuracy of the result.
In FFEM approach, FEM used as the main framework of the fuzzy mapping input data to output data.
One way to reduce the uncertainty in the data is by experiment.
FFEM method developed does not require a large amount of data.
FFEM method only required data to determine the profile or shape of membership function.

Vertical static load test is widely used in the determination of pile bearing capacity, the mathematical model used to fit test pile data in determining the bearing capacity is essential.
Chin from Malaysia indicated the curves of (Q－S) could be fitted by hyperbola after the studies of test piles data[3].
Based on the traditional method of hyperbola, a more general form of hyperbolic equations is derived to fit the data in test pile.
Based on one hypothesized distribution function, it is very difficult to obtain the relationship of Q-S that can well fit the test pile data, which is one of the difficult subjects in the world.
It is hard to get the accurate value due to the incomplete test pile data.

In the benchmark research, calculation accuracy of COSMAP is verified by experimental data of temperature, distortion and residual stresses.
The data on the surface agree qualitatively with the measured values by X-ray diffraction method on the surface.
The data of axial stress almost equals to that of tangential stress.
The predicted results by the code agree well with the experimental data.
Acknowledgement is also due to members of Subdivision of Materials Database, JSMS and Subdivision of Quenching and Simulation, JSHT for their cooperation with collecting of materials data, and the instructive comments throughout this project.

According to the research data indicate that shape coefficient increased 0.01 per heat consumption index increased by about 2.5%.
So in order to serve the purpose of energy conservation, reduce indoor heat loss should be combined with the use of the function, select the appropriate plane shape, try to avoid uneven shape, measures often used are: (l) For the purpose of energy-saving construction, a joint column for each additional unit, that will reduce building a wall, its exterior wall area shrinks, also a corresponding reduction in shape factor.
(3) When the standard floor area is the same, raise deep into the building, will be a corresponding reduction in shape coefficient relative, right angle and square shape coefficient is minimum.
Data show that high absorption black roofing material, surface and ambient temperature difference may be as high as 50 ℃; while high light reflective roofing materials, the temperature difference of only 11.1 ℃, roof color the more light, the better the energy saving effect.