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The Si / Zr molar ratio studied was based on average ionic radii between silicon and zirconium hexacoordinated cations closer to titanium cation with same coordination number.
Only above 700 ºC there is evidence of rutile phase formation for unmodified samples, which phase was peak correspondent with JCPDS file 73-1232 [21].
All of the diffraction peaks refers to anatase phase, according to the JCPDS file 71-11166 [21].
Thus, the Rietveld refinement was carried out starting from the anatase and rutile structure models collected from ICSD data bank, according the card numbers 82084 and 53997, respectively [22].
[21] JCPDS - Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards/International Center for Diffraction Data, Pennsylvania, Powder Diffraction File, 2003

The samples synthesized at 30°C has shown large number of additional peaks indicating high impurity nature of the powder, whereas the temperature 60°C has been resulted crystalline pure ZnO .
The powder synthesized with 0.5 M has presented only ZnO peaks indicating pure ZnO, whereas the powder synthesized with 1 M has presented impurities.
The spacing values and relative intensities of the peak coincide with the JCPDS Card No. 36-1451for ZnO powder.
Han, Growth of homoepitaxial ZnO film on ZnO nanorods and light emitting diode applications, Nanotechnology 18 (2007) 055608
Kazemzad, Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and electrodeposition of polypyrrole/ZnO nanocomposite Film Int.

We showed that combining these materials can produce a shift in the PL emission peak and the shift can be controlled with the number of NPs introduced into the pore.
Core-shell ZnO@SiO2 nanoparticles.
Oleic acid was added to the ZnO NPs in a 5:2 molar ratio (ZnO NPs: oleic acid).
This figure shows that the diffraction peaks correspond to the hexagonal wurtzite structure (JCPDS Card No. 036-1451).
This also, led us to obtain PL emissions at different wavelengths when varying the number of core-shell ZnO@SiO2 NPs dropped on the macro/meso-PS structure.

Schrepel etal [2] investigated isotope shift of local vibrational modes (LVM) for Cu and Ni transition-metal impurities in ZnS and ZnO semiconductors and reported the valence force model to calculate LVMs and their dependence on the atomic masses.
The three Bragg peaks at (111), (220) and (311) reveal sphalerite cubic phase with lattice parameter 5.404 ao confirmed by JCPDS card No. 04-007-1615.
JCPDS card No. 65-2887 confirms the three Bragg peaks for cubic phase with lattice parameter 5.832 ao .
In nanocrystals, since the surface to volume ratio is much larger, there is an increase in the number of atoms on the surface compared to the number of atoms inside the particles.
Schrepel et al have observed Raman modes due to the isotope shift of local vibrational modes at transition metal impurities in semiconductors and reported LVM for ZnS:Ni as 44.3meV and for ZnO:Cu as 49.47 meV and 68.83 meV [2].

Synthesis of composite materials mixed with nanoparticles is an effective way to improve the characteristics of polymers and increase the number of potential applications [1-3].
The diffraction pattern of the ZnO nanoparticles is well-matched with the JCPDS card no.36-1451, which confirms the hexagonal wurtzite structure of pure ZnO.
PVA-SiO2-ZnO nanocomposite films showed peaks for PVA and ZnO, but the presence of SiO2 masked the peak intensities of ZnO nanoparticles.
Fig.4 shows the FT-IR spectra of pure PVA, PVA-SiO2, PVA-ZnO, and PVA-SiO2-ZnO films.
Nanoparticles strongly interacted with the PVA matrix, forming a more compact film that reduced the moisture or water absorption of the material, as strong interaction leads to a lower number of hydroxyl groups within the nanocomposite films.

Due to advances in nanotechnology, there is considerable interest in using nanoparticles for a number of applications in the oil & gas industry, such as enhanced oil recovery, reservoir sensing and intervention.
Band Structure of ZnO and SWCNT.
Model of (a) ZnO (b) SWCNT.
Fig. 6 shows the XRD patterns of ZnO nanoparticles with their plane number.
The peak positions at 2q = 31.85o, 34.29o, 36.18o, 47.55o, 56.63o, 62.85o, 66.38o, 68.00o and 69.22o are assigned to (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112) and (201) and show good agreement with those of the JCPDS (card no 80-0075) data for zinc oxide (ZnO) with a hexagonal wurtzite phase (lattice constants a = 3.242 Å and c = 5.176 Å).

According to the standard card base, all intense peaks of nanosheets can be roughly indexed to calcium citrate (JCPDS No. 28-2003 [Ca3(C6H5O7)2∙4H2O]).
In Fig.3b, all intense peaks can be well indexed to (JCPDS No. 28-2003).
Therefore, a part of crystal water release from calcium citrate molecules in preparation process, and the actual number of crystal water of calcium citrate is between 2 and 4.
A large number of hydroxyl groups on the surface, directly result in the intense interaction of surface hydroxyl layer among different nanosheets.
Wu, Fabrication of hierarchical nanostructured BSA/ZnO hybrid nanoflowers by a self-assembly process, Materials Letters. 128 (2014) 227-230

However, it is impossible to the synthesis of several complicated metal doping materials such as ferrites, perovskite, garnet, metal doped ZnO, Ti-Ni, and Al-Ni-Co, etc., because the suppler of the parent materials into the levitated drop in the induction coil was a wire feeding system.
The positions and relative intensities of all the main diffraction patterns and the characteristic reflections, such as (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511), and (440), as well as the calculated lattice parameters are in agreement with those in the standard XRD card (JCPDS10-325) of Ni-ferrite.
(Fig. 2) However, the peak intensity of the particles differed from the JCPDS card.
In the lattice of nickel ferrite with a completely inverse spinel structure, an equal number of the Fe 3+ ions at the Td and Oh sites respectively [3].

Method Fabrication of the ZnO Nanorod Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is performed to synthesize ZnO nanorods. [18, 19].
All the sharp peaks correlate to wurtzite bulk ZnO and matches with the JCPDS card No. 89-1397.
The high intensity and narrow spectral width of the ZnO peaks obtained in the XRD pattern indicate that the ZnO layer has good crystallinity.
Figure 1 XRD pattern of ZnO coated ITO substrate.
Acknowledge The authors would like to thank the Directorate of Research and Community Services of Universitas Indonesia through the PITTA A Research Grant of Universitas Indonesia, 2019, contract number NKB-0699/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019.

SiO2 59.0, Al2O3 7.0, CaO 17.0, K2O 2.0, Na2O 3.0, BaO 4.0, ZnO 6.5, B2O3 1.0 in weight per cent [1], was utilized to design the batch composition (Table 1).
Feldspar, quartz sand and limestone were minerals, and Na2CO3, boric acid, Sb2O3, BaCO3, ZnO and Al2O3 were reagent grade materials.
Batch composition (wt. %) Materials Feldspar Quartz sand Limestone Na2CO3 Boric acid Sb2O3 BaCO3 ZnO Al2O3 Content 23.70 32.53 27.12 3.75 2.50 0.60 4.75 4.63 0.42 Table 2.
Chemical composition of the parent glass Oxides SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O TFe2O3 TiO2 BaO ZnO B2O3 Others Weight [%] 58.32 6.40 17.20 0.12 2.06 3.48 0.09 0.04 4.17 5.26 1.19 1.67 Fig.1.
The XRD patterns of CG-GCs and GG-GCs (Fig.2) show that the reflections of both are similar, and are in agreement with those of β-wollastonite in JCPDS card, which signifies that cracked-glass panels and glass grains can equally deposit β-wollastonite crystals.