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Effect of Aluminium Alloy and Mild Steel on the productivity in sheet metal forming processes C.N.Ashok Kumar1, a, R.Deivanathan2 1 Mfg.
The aluminum alloys are having major applications in automobiles, packaging, aircraft, home appliances etc. [1] The mild steel is mainly used in heavy components to withstand impact and forces.
Just as it is desired to increase the efficiency of a machine, it is also aimed at to raise the productivity within the available resources.
There are four types of sheet metal forming dies namely Progressive, Compound, Combination and Transfer dies.
Das (Ed.), Aluminium Alloys for Packaging, vol. 111, The Minerals, Metals & materials Society, 1998

Furthermore, they have also reported that the studies on the mechanisms of the growth of Ag-Al intermetallic compounds and their impact on the bonding failures are limited. [1] This thesis aims to study the IMC growth rate of silver-aluminum wire bonds, by augmenting the application of ultrasonic (US) energy levels during wire bonding.
The application of the ultrasonic energy is the main proponent in promoting diffusion and forming the intermetallic compounds during wire bonding.
The rate at which various IMCs (intermetallic compounds) form along the interface involves kinetics.
All these three wires form different binary intermetallic compounds with Aluminum, all of which occurs, and behaves differently.
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology (2015), No. 6.

Then, titanium and titanium alloys are the dominant generally used medical implant materials essentially in fixation materials and dental implants for fracture splints and bone defects, due to they manifest excellent clinical influence.
This study aims on investigation the potential of PEEK composites, involve binary specimen’s contain different concentration of n-HA and n-TiO2 separately as a possible this materials in clinical interventions that require implant substitutes in human body.
The average particle size of the HAp and TiO2 was 20nm. 2.2 Specimens Preparation Polymer specimens produced through compounding and hot press.
At the beginning, previous compounding and hot pressing PEEK granule was dried in an oven at 80 °C for 1 h.
Compounding was achieved in an internal mixer (Haake) type (HBISYSTEM 90, AHAAKE BUCHLER PRODUCT, USA) at a temperature 360 °C and mixing speed of 90 rpm.

Magnetic properties of novel magnetic porous glass-based multiferroic nanocomposites // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2015.
Carbon diffusion coefficient in alloyed ferrite. 
Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 30(1)
International Journal of Plasticity, 96, 227-241
International Journal of Fatigue, 102, 270-281

The present study aimed at first time investigation of synthesis and photoluminescence properties of double layer long ZnO NRs synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route.
For this aim, double layer growth of long-long (LL), long-short (LS) and short-short (SS) ZnO NRs were considered.
Summers, Low-temperature hydrothermally grown 100 μm vertically well-aligned ultralong and ultradense ZnO nanorod arrays with improved PL property, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 702 (2017) 700-709
Loh, Investigation of morphology and photoluminescence of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods on substrates pre-coated with ZnO nanoparticles, Journal of Crystal Growth 311 (2009) 1278-1284
Feng, ZnO hierarchical structures synthesized via hydrothermal method and their photoluminescence properties, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 489 (2010) 614–619

This study aimed to synthesize nanostructured ZnO by microwave assisted heating method using polyethylene glycol, PEG, with different molecular weight (1500 and 4000) for surface modification.
Hsieh, Effects of doping concentration and annealing temperature on properties of highly-oriented Al-doped ZnO films, Journal of Crystal Growth, 287 (2006), 78-84 [8] J.
Bahadur, Defect mediated photocatalytic activity in shape-controlled ZnO nanostructures, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509(23) (2011), 6725-6730

Since welded joints are an integral part of a seamless rail track and depend on the reliability and safety of train traffic, a lot of work has been devoted to the investigation of these compounds.
Investigations aimed at improving mechanical properties of welded joints due to the doping of a thermite powder are given in [2,3].
In the zone of alloying the weld metal with the metal of the rail (Fig. 4, b), a pronounced uneven fusion boundary is visible.
Zone of welded joint (a), zone of alloying the weld metal with the metal of the rail (b), heat-affected zone at a distance of 6...8 mm from the border of a metal rail (c), heat-affected zone at a distance of 14...18 mm from the border of a metal rail (d) Fig. 5. displays the graphs of hardness variation along the length of the welded joint (surfaces A and B).
[3] Brânzei M., Coman T. 2012 Structure Improvement of Aluminothermic Welding Joints by Using Modifiers International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering 6 (8) 745-748

A simple bi-linear material model was proposed instead of compound Ramberg-Osgood model.
This paper aims to achieve accurate predictions for buckling resistance of columns using the local buckling stress fcsm instead of material 0.2% proof stress σ0.2.
Journal of Structural Engineering 123 (6) (1997) 721-728
Rasmussen, Full-range stress–strain curves for stainless steel alloys, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 59(1) (2003) 47-61
Gardner, Description of stress–strain curves for stainless steel alloys, Materials & Design, 87 (2015) 540-552

This study focuses on the preparation of nanocrystalline SnO2 and Cu-doped SnO2 thin films on glass substrates using sol-gel spin coating and chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods, aimed at gas sensor applications.
The first compounds have a low cost and high availability, while the parameters may be easily manipulated [17, 21–23].
In a separate container, 1 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was dissolved in 25 ml of distilled water, resulting in molar concentrations of 1 M for both compounds.
Liu et al., Size effect and comprehensive mathematical model for gas-sensing mechanism of SnO2 thin film gas sensors, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 898 (2022) 162875–162875
Barillé, Comparison the optical properties for Bi2O3 and NiO ultrathin films deposited on different substrates by DC sputtering technique for transparent electronics, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 728 (2017) 1186–1198

At present, the SS technique is an important process in preparing metal or alloy material.
Kowalenko: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, vol.38(4)(2009), p.1372
El-Sheikh: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Vol.92(11)(2009), p.2724
Grant: SAMPE JOURNAL, Vol. 36(4)(2000), p.7
Yamamoto :JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, Vol. 10(4)(1999),p.249.