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The nanostructure is already very close to the atomic and molecular structure.
It is level of the structure of matter, in fact, determines the theoretical strength of the material defect-free structure of the real and potential range of its physical and chemical properties.
Cluster of the first coordination sphere of the physical nature is qualitatively different structure and properties compared to the structure of the nanoparticles.
According to the classical rate of chemistry, it is necessary to go through three stages: "dissolution - colloiding - coagulation."
[The global chemistry beginning.]

Crystal Structure.
The Zn addition effect on the structure was clearly shown by Zn-TCP samples.
Substitution of smaller Zn 2+ for Ca2+ results in more stable TCP structure by reducing the strain in the structure.
Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 84th edition (CRC Press LLC, Boca Roton, 2003)
Solid state Chemistry Vol.10(1974), p. 232- 248

The surface chemistry was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Results and Discussion XPS analysis was employed to determine the surface chemistry.
TF-XRD diffraction patterns of the porous structure.
The coatings have a three-dimensional structure.
Messersmith, Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings, Science, 318 (2007) 426-430.

Vrvic2,e 1 Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, 11001 Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, P.O.Box 473, Serbia 2 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O.Box 158, Serbia a vbeskoski@chem.bg.ac.yu, bjelena_milic@yahoo.com, cborism@chem.bg.ac.yu, d miloshunter@yahoo.com, emmvchem@sezampro.yu Keywords: oil shale, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, iron(III)-ion, dibenzothiophene (DBT), desulfurization Abstract.
Kerogen, which is insoluble and of diverse, heterogeneous, cross-linked macromolecular structure, is a dominant organic substance (over 90%), while bitumen, soluble in the organic solvents is present as only a few percent.
Results and Discussion Infrared spectra were used for estimation of a change of hydrocarbon component of oil shale kerogen on the basis of characteristical bands for aliphatic structures (2920, 2850 and 1475cm−1) and carbonyl group (1720 and 1710 cm−1) [8].
Band intensity ratio of aliphatic and oxygen functional groups shows occurrence of smaller oxidation changes in the kerogen structure only in the biotic model systems.
Thesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, 2006 (in Serbian) [4] V.

One is to synthesize more efficient Pt-based catalysts with optimized structures and components.
Their morphologies, element content and crystal structures were characterized by TEM, EDS and XRD.
Xin, Preparation and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotube-supported platinum for cathode catalysts of direct methanol fuel cells, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 107 (2003) 6292-6299
Xu, Anode Catalysts and Cathode Catalysts of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, Progress in Chemistry, 27 (2015) 1147-1157
Speight, Lange's handbook of chemistry, McGraw-Hill New York, 2005

Due to the structure different of Si-O network and the Ti4+ higher ion potential than Si4+ [6], TiO2 can promote the phase separation and concentrate in rich-alkali phase.
Phase separation structure is homogeneous and the average pore size of the samples is less than 100 nm.
Therefore, the TiO2 particles growth rate became slow because of being limited by the glass phase separation structure.
References [1] H Kaper, S Sallard, I Djerdj, etc., Chemistry of materials .Vol .22 (2010), p.3502 [2] T Jagadale, S Takale, R Sonawane, etc., The Journal of Physical Chemistry C.
Vol.112 (2008), P.14595 [3] T Ohno, S Tagawa, H Itoh, etc., Materials Chemistry and Physics.

Pambudi1,a*, Kristiana Fajariatri1,b 1Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara BLS 21 Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281 afajar.inggit@ugm.ac.id, bkristiana_fajariatri@ugm.ac.id Keywords: Metal-organic frameworks, mixed-metal MOFs, CdIF, crystal structure, DFT.
Therefore, the modification of MOFs leads to the diversity of MOF structures with well-designed crystal structures and properties.
Aknowledgement This research was possible due to the funding from Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada through Hibah Dana Masyarakat Departemen Kimia scheme No. 86/J01.1.28/PL.06.02/2020 References [1] Stock, N., Biswas, S.
[10] Trousselet, F., Archereau, A., Boutin, A., Coudert, F, X., Heterometallic metal-organic frameworks of MOF-5 and UiO-66 families: insight from computational chemistry, J.
B., Database of zeolite structures: http://www.iza-structure.org/databases/ [21] Zhang, J., Zhang, T., Yu, D., Xiao, K., Hong, Y.

From the XRD patterns（Fig. 1）, it is known that the TiO2/Sn4+ nano-composite materials have a high-quality crystal structure.
Frontiers in chemistry. 7 (2019) 538
Journal of photochemistry and photobiology a chemistry. 382 (2019) 111958
Joural of physical chemistry.98. 51 (1994) 13669-13679
New journal of chemistry. 46. 8 (2022) 3565-3569

Results and Discussion Crystal structure and morphology.
Tian: Chemistry Communication, Vol. 47 (2011), p. 4947-4949 [3] F.
Kudo: Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 18 (2006), p. 1969-1975 [9] S.Q.
Zhu: Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 17 (2007), p. 2526-2532 [15] A.
Honda: Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 81(1977), p. 1845-1851

Ca, Ba and Ca-Ba bearing FeSi alloys were compared for their effectiveness in chill (carbide) control, using iron chemistries with critical element levels [< 0.035%S, (%Mn) x (%S) < 0.02, <0.003%Al].
At extremely low sulphur content (< 0.01%S), typical for ductile base iron, the iron solidified without graphite in the structure, as values for both D{TTP}-4028 T1 and D{TTP}-4028 T2 were < 0.
Ca-FeSi inoculation changed the iron structure from white to mottled, with carbides forming at the beginning of the eutectic reaction (D{TTP}-4028 T1 < 0) and graphite formation at the end of the eutectic reaction (D{TTP}-4028 T2 > 0).
The effect of different levels of these active elements (Al, Ca, Ba), on graphite nucleation in grey irons with intentionally critical chemistries [< 0.035%S, (%Mn) x (%S) < 0.02, <0.003%Al] was evaluated.
Three grades of the active elements included in the inoculant chemistry were considered in this range: very low level (less than 0.1wt.%), low level (less than 1.0wt.%) and high level (more than 1.0wt.%).