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In the first method the average of given data in the vicinity of the desired pixel is taken as the desired data.
In the second one replacing the data with the median of the surrounding data, and in the last one the average of the surrounding data with weighing according to the distance of the pixel is taken.
In surface shape measurement the phase data are needed and then reliability of the data increases if authentic phase data are chosen.
To determine a pixel value, the surrounding data are also collected and all nine data are sorted by intensity.
Dotted line is taken from data with laser microscope.

However, when SiAlON ceramic powders are needed, an inexpensive method of producing them is called as carbothermal reduction - nitridation (CRN) process.
The carbothermic reduction was carried out using a tube furnace at temperature ranges from 1300o C to 1475o C under the various rate of nitrogen gas (99.99 % pure) flow.
from Can - Canakkale [supplier's data] Phases SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO K2O TiO2 SO4 MgO Na2O LOI* Content [wt.%] 66.8 21.0 1.8 0.1 2.0 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.1 6.7 Mineralogical composition of clay used [wt.%] Quartz K-Feldspar Na-Feldspar Kaolinite Others 36.2 11.82 0.84 48.03 3.11 *: Loss on ignition at 1000 o C The identification of the crystalline phase composition of the products was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Cu Kα (λ: 1.54056) radiation using a RIGAGU D/Max 2200 diffractometer with 2θ, 0-70 degrees.
Insufficient amount of carbon being in the mixture of starting powder results in an incomplete reaction during the CRN process yielding a low amount of SiAlON phase (data not shown here).
An increase in N2 flow rate to 1.8 lt/min while keeping temperature low (1350o C) at constant reaction time (4h) showed a similar effect in terms of reducing SiC formation (data not given here).

Citation & Copyright (to be inserted by the publisher ) Reduction in Al Acceptor Density by Electron Irradiation in Al-Doped 4H-SiC H.
Co., Ltd., 3-1-56 Nishi-Awaji, Higashi-Yodogawa, Osaka 533-0031, Japan Keywords: Electron irradiation, Hall-effect measurement, Reduction in acceptors, Temperature dependence of hole concentration, Free carrier concentration spectroscopy Abstract.
This indicates that the main reduction in )(Tp by the electron irradiation resulted from the decrease of the Al acceptor density, not from the creation of defects.
Similar phenomena have been reported in p-type Si: the )(Tp in Temperature [K] Hole Concentration [cm-3] Before irradiation : Experimental Data : Simulated result After irradiation : Experimental data : Simulated result 4H-SiC epilayer 100 200 300 400 500 600 10 13 10 14 10 15 10 16 Fig. 3 Comparison between experimental and simulated )(Tp .
Therefore, the main reduction in )(Tp by irradiation resulted from the decrease of Al acceptor, not from the creation of hole traps or donor-like defects.

Given process history and time/temperature data from the annealing heat treatment, the model can predict the microstructure, average grain size and grain size distribution with high accuracy and the executing time is short which makes it suitable for in-line use.
At some interval in time, recrystallization takes place, and the model must handle the varied time/temperature in-data and the non-isothermal aspect of the annealing heat treatment.
The recrystallization and grain growth is calculated and the model uses time and temperature vectors provided through temperature measurements and data collections on-site for each sheet, during incremental upload.
The data was divided in three sets, training, validation and testing, and the training set consists of 80% of the samples.
Experimental data The modeling work has been focused on one material, the austenitic stainless steel 304L (EN 1.4301).

Then, Reduce reduction operation is performed to process these data in multi-nodes to produce the dataset results.
The users of data mining agent can access Meta data to generate local data model, which is extracted from the data.
Users of data mining agent can access Meta data to generate local data model that is extracted from the data.
Both local data mining algorithm and global data mining algorithms can perform calculations on different data platform of data mining
The new data model of cloud management n data [J].

Evaluation of fatigue life reduction is conducted using modified fatigue design curve and environmental fatigue life factor.
The data [6] in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code NB-3121 subsection which is the fatigue design curve based on was acquired in the laboratory atmosphere environment and lacked tests in the light water reactor(LWR) coolant corrosion environment (high temperature, dissolved oxygen, etc) in which the fatigue life of metal materials reduces a lot [7].
Fatigue reduction calculation.
The fatigue test datas in the ASME Code were acquired under single direction tensile and compressed loading.
Evaluation of fatigue life reduction due to stratification is done according to the updated fatigue design curve in the USNRC report.

Au nanoparticles of about 5 nm were deposited on the surface of TiO2-NTs with hydrothermal reduction method.
However, TiO2-NT (Au) for Cd2+ reduction is reported uncommonly.
Hydrothermal reduction method was the method used to load Au onto the TiO2-NT support.
The catalytic properties of obtained samples were tested by reduction of Cd2+ ions.
All these facts are also confirmed by data from Tab.1 Fig.3 Adsorption patterns of different samples Fig.4 shows XPS patterns of TiO2-NTs (Au) composite system after reducing experiment under UV-light.

The result indicates that the reduction of viscosity by CO2 is an important factor on improving the oil recovery.
From the PVT data generated from the three Weyburn reservoir fluid-CO2 mixtures it was showed that viscosity reduction and oil swelling by CO2 contributed to oil recovery.
The statistic data indicate that the injection of CO2 can lower the viscosity by 10%-70%.
The reduction in viscosity is an important factor on improving the oil recovery.
Through regression analysis of the experimetal data above, the CO2 effective molar concentration is connected with not only C7+ molar mass and CO2 molar concentration, but also temperature and pressure.

Reduction of Power Losses in Transmissions and Gearings F.
In modern motor vehicles, having a driveline that is optimally designed for each vehicle provides a substantial CO2 reduction.
The load-dependent bearing losses (PVLP) are accounted for according to the data provided by the bearing manufacturer in the relevant bearing catalogs.
Meanwhile, there is also a start/stop function that leads to a fuel consumption reduction of about 5 %.
Mohr: Challenges of CO2 Reduction.

At the same time, it can also provide simulations under different policies, providing credible data for policy influence research.
Fig.3. shows the comparison of simulated data and statistics data of China from the year 2001 to 2009.
The statistical data is from the “China Statistical Yearbook” and the data of carbon emissions is based on literature data[11].
Verification of the model by comparing the simulation data and statistic data of China Future Scenario Analysis According to China’s carbon emission reduction target, the emission intensity of 2020 will be reduced by 40% to 45% compared to the emissions level of 2005.
Fig. 7 shows the simulation data of scenario 3.