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Best results were obtained with four passes followed by 70% cold rolling reduction.
More precise data are summarized in Table 1, and the main comments which can be made on the tensile behavior are the following: (i) SPD caused a drastic reduction in W-H capacity, a feature reflected by a reduction of uniform deformation, which came down from 13.4% for the annealed bar to ≈ 3% for 1XH and 4XH.
On the other hand, total elongation was not much affected, compare data of Table 2.
Summary of tensile data, plus W-H exponent Samples sy (MPa) su (MPa) eun (%) et (%) n 0X 337 481 15.0 30 0.136 1X 561 589 3.1 11 0.027 1XH 544 573 3.9 22 0.045 4XH 651 682 3.7 22 0.041 1XH+CR(70) 747 769 3.4 19 0.029 4XH+CR(70) 779 877 3.3 18 0.043 CR(30) 538 633 2.9 18 0.087 CR(70) 605 702 2.4 12 0.093 CR(90) 697 797 3.0 12 0.058 Again on the subject of cold/warm ECAP, data shows that room temperature deformation (1X) gives little strength benefit over 1XH, whilst total elongation is halved and εun is also slightly reduced.
Recalling that Ti is a difficult material to process and that warm ECAP is a practical solution, thermal stability data are useful to plan fabrication, anneal and operational temperatures.

The actual flow curve used in the simulations includes the experimental values and a Hollomon extrapolation based on the last data points up to a strain of 3.0. 2D FE-Model of channel rolling.
Transfer of field data.
Additionally, previous experiments by Senge et al. [6] are added to increase the amount of data points.
The simulations indicate that the undercut starts at approx. 7% height reduction.
The maximum of approx. 60 µm is reached at approx. 14% height reduction.

The maxima heights decreased to 6 times with respect to the silver microphases, which is caused by the presence of a reducing agent, and is consistent with the literature data [16].
Thus there is a fold decrease of the maxima heights silver nanophases compared with silver microphases, which may be caused by the formation of the different monolayers of silver oxide as a result the chemical reduction and is consistent with the literature data [16].
This reduction of maxima heights can be associated with the formation of silver oxide monolayers in the different oxidation in the presence of large amounts a reducing agent and is consistent with the literature data [16].
These facts may be explained by the presence of an excess of a reducing agent than silver nanophases obtained in equal molar ratio of reactant which in agreement with literature data [16].
These facts may be caused to the presence of an excess of a reducing agentt which in agreement with literature data [16].

When performing the damage detection algorithms, the measured datas are often acquired from the modal testing.
One must treat and to be known quantities available from the measured data, that is and .
The response data are measured at where the accelerometers are placed, thus the master coordinates can be determined accordingly.
Hu: Using incomplete modal data for damage detection in offshore jacket structures, Ocean Engineering(2008), 35, p. 1793–1799 [3] D.
Guyan: Reduction of stiffness and mass matrices.

Numerical analysis and results Elasticity and plasticity data.
Finite element analysis was employed by use of ABAQUS /Standard to forecast the numerical data of residual stress developed in cold drawing [3].
Tensile test was carried out to obtain the data of actual material for finite element analysis
ABAQUS requires the true stress and true strain data for elastic- and plastic-analysis.
But the data obtained by test are nominal strain and nominal stress, so it is necessary to convert nominal strain and nominal stress data of material to plastic strain and true stress data as shown in Fig. 1 (b) [2].

In the proposed model, the input data consisted of quantitative microstructural feature parameters, including the volume fraction, thickness and Ferret ratio of α phase.
The input layer is used to receive data from outside, while the output layer sends the information out to users.
The widely used unification method is (1) Where Z is the original data, Zmin and Zmax are the minimum and maximum value of Z, respectively.
Z′ is the unified data of the corresponding Z.
Such pre-processing procedure can make the train of neural network more efficient. 45 data sets (as shown in Table 1) in total for the Ti-17 alloy have been used, in which 5 data sets were randomly selected to evaluate the predictive ability of the neural network and the remaining were used to train the model.

Ti(C,N) powder was prepared via carbothermal reduction nitridation (CRN) using rutile and carbon black as the raw material.
The lattice parameter (a) of Ti(C,N) can be determined by the interplanar crystal spacing (d) and the corresponding crystal indices (h k l) on the basis of the XRD data.
Huang, Synthesis of Ti(C,N) ultrafine powders by carbothermal reduction of TiO2 derived from sol-gel process, J.
Leitner, Mass spectrometric investigations on the carbother mal reduction of titanium dioxide, J.
Tu, Evolution of phase and microstructure during carbothermal reduction-nitridation synthesis of Ti(C,N), Mater.

The developed data processing algorithm for the multi-element array system was tested in the MatLab software package.
The cost of devices that allow receiving and processing data from the array is very high, since it requires processing and transmission of large amounts of data simultaneously.
The realization of the hardware of partial data processing can significantly reduce the amount of information transmitted to a personal computer or display device, as well as reduce data processing time.
Each cycle of the ADT startup block increases the value of the row counter, which is an address for the data memory.
MATLAB software package is selected for data processing and constructing an image.

The data was obtained by the TGA, SEM and XRD.
The system is composed of two interconnected separate reactors, a reduction and an oxidation reactor.
Reduction ambience was H2 and oxidation ambience was air.
From the figure we can see that in the first cycle the reaction rate have very good performance whether oxidation or reduction.
As for two samples, the oxidation reaction rate is higher than reduction reaction.

Anaerobic growth of At. ferrooxidans by sulfur reduction.
Isolate CL4 was shown to be mesophilic (data not shown), and was able to grow over a wide pH range (pH 3.0 to 6.5, with an optimum growth pH of ~5).
Stoichiometric precipitation of copper in the off-line traps was, however, less evident, with far less copper being precipitated as CuS than would be expected from ZVI dissolution and proton consumption (data not shown).This was mostly due to the fact that the bioreactor was not air-tight, allowing some to H2S escape.
Subsequent work showed that sulfide genesis also occurred in a non-inoculated bioreactor operated under identical conditions, though rates were smaller than in the At. ferrooxidans reactor (data not shown).
Zerovalent iron, acting as an indirect source of hydrogen in acidic liquors, is also a low-cost energy supply for fuelling sulfur reduction by At. ferrooxidans, and sulfate reduction by aSRB [4].