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Online since: July 2014
Authors: Jing Zhou, Qi Huang, Lei Shi, Wei Yan
We demonstrated that the algorithm will be superior when the volume of data grows bigger or the number of nodes in the computer cluster grows much bigger.
The number of the clusters to be grouped into is chosen by the user.
If the distance between them is smaller than the threshold or the number of iteration reach the limit.
The MapReduce model uses the divide-and-conquer strategy, divides a task into several copies of fine-grain sub-tasks.
Assume that the quantity of the records is m, the number of nodes is n, the number of clusters to be classified into is c, the time cost in addition is p, the time cost in division is q, the other time cost in transporting and CPU dispatching is o.
The number of the clusters to be grouped into is chosen by the user.
If the distance between them is smaller than the threshold or the number of iteration reach the limit.
The MapReduce model uses the divide-and-conquer strategy, divides a task into several copies of fine-grain sub-tasks.
Assume that the quantity of the records is m, the number of nodes is n, the number of clusters to be classified into is c, the time cost in addition is p, the time cost in division is q, the other time cost in transporting and CPU dispatching is o.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Yue Yang, Jian Dong Hu
Fig.2 (a) shows the surface modification of Ni-P layer with lower power density 0.515×109 W/m2, some patches covering several grains is produced, which is thought to be attributed to grain growth[7].
XRD spectrum of the laser surface-alloyed Ni with different energy density (a) 5.36×109W/m2, (b) 6.46×109W/m2, (c) 4.31×109W/m2 (numbers indicated at the peaks corresponding to the numbers in Table.2).
Table 2 XRD results of the alloying layer as a function of laser power density (numbers under the name of the phases denote the corresponding phase).
XRD spectrum of the laser surface-alloyed Ni with different energy density (a) 5.36×109W/m2, (b) 6.46×109W/m2, (c) 4.31×109W/m2 (numbers indicated at the peaks corresponding to the numbers in Table.2).
Table 2 XRD results of the alloying layer as a function of laser power density (numbers under the name of the phases denote the corresponding phase).
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Zhong Ping Luo, Ya Lin Yao, Bing He, Zhi Hua Xia
After vibrating sorting, 35/40 (Grain size 425~500µm) medium-grade diamond sample No.1, which has the same particle size and crystal shape, are separated in three different magnetic-field intensities.
Table 1 Product performance test results with different magnetism number weight % CFF(N) TI TTI thermal stability (TTI / TI) C1 5.49 217 41.25 18.5 0.448 C2 7.37 249 51.5 35.0 0.680 C3 7.74 315 64.0 46.2 0.722 C4 79.40 426 75.0 73.5 0.980 average 100.00 392.7 70.56 65.5 0.928 Analyzing the results in Table 1, we can see that the magnetism of abrasive particles of synthetic diamond has an obvious influence on their mechanical performances.
The influence of specific gravity on mechanical performances of synthetic diamond with the same particle size and similar crystal shape. 35/40 (Grain size 425~500µm) medium-grade diamond sample No.2 after vibrating sorting, with the similar particle size and crystal shape, is divided into three parts: floating material G1, suspending material G2 and settling material G3.
Table 2 Product performance test results with heavy liquid separation number weight % CFF(N) TI TTI thermal stability (TTI / TI) G1 19.22 437.4 67.11 57.30 0.854 G2 74.37 346.8 65.62 54.75 0.834 G3 6.41 339.9 64.45 56.04 0.869 average 100.00 363.8 65.83 55.32 0.840 At last, performance test has been done on each product with different specific gravity by different kinds of instruments.
Table 3 Product performance test results with different magnetism (Synthetic Diamond Sample No.2) number weight % CFF(N) TI TTI thermal stability (TTI / TI) C1 14.21 220.5 39.74 22.39 0.563 C2 24.65 280.3 59.41 39.72 0.669 C3 61.14 430.7 74.48 69.27 0.936 average 100.00 363.8 65.83 55.32 0.840 Analyzing the results in Table 3, It can be proved that the magnetism of abrasive particles of synthetic diamond also has an obvious influence on their mechanical performances.
Table 1 Product performance test results with different magnetism number weight % CFF(N) TI TTI thermal stability (TTI / TI) C1 5.49 217 41.25 18.5 0.448 C2 7.37 249 51.5 35.0 0.680 C3 7.74 315 64.0 46.2 0.722 C4 79.40 426 75.0 73.5 0.980 average 100.00 392.7 70.56 65.5 0.928 Analyzing the results in Table 1, we can see that the magnetism of abrasive particles of synthetic diamond has an obvious influence on their mechanical performances.
The influence of specific gravity on mechanical performances of synthetic diamond with the same particle size and similar crystal shape. 35/40 (Grain size 425~500µm) medium-grade diamond sample No.2 after vibrating sorting, with the similar particle size and crystal shape, is divided into three parts: floating material G1, suspending material G2 and settling material G3.
Table 2 Product performance test results with heavy liquid separation number weight % CFF(N) TI TTI thermal stability (TTI / TI) G1 19.22 437.4 67.11 57.30 0.854 G2 74.37 346.8 65.62 54.75 0.834 G3 6.41 339.9 64.45 56.04 0.869 average 100.00 363.8 65.83 55.32 0.840 At last, performance test has been done on each product with different specific gravity by different kinds of instruments.
Table 3 Product performance test results with different magnetism (Synthetic Diamond Sample No.2) number weight % CFF(N) TI TTI thermal stability (TTI / TI) C1 14.21 220.5 39.74 22.39 0.563 C2 24.65 280.3 59.41 39.72 0.669 C3 61.14 430.7 74.48 69.27 0.936 average 100.00 363.8 65.83 55.32 0.840 Analyzing the results in Table 3, It can be proved that the magnetism of abrasive particles of synthetic diamond also has an obvious influence on their mechanical performances.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Yun Fei Chen, Qi Xia You, Fei Lu, Jianrun Zhang
Research on modeling and simulation of mixed flow grain dryer, heat transfer and turbulent flows inside industrial furnaces and optimization of the outlet of the heating system in a washer-dryer have already been done [2-4].
The total number of elements totals 6, 825, 358.The mesh quality of 99.991% of the total elements is bigger than 0.4.
The 18 dots are numbered.
The number of the thermocouples that can be arranged is limited in the limited space, while the temperature and velocity anywhere can be obtained from the simulation result.
Liu, Research on modeling and simulation of mixed flow grain dryer, Drying technology. 25 (2007) 681-687
The total number of elements totals 6, 825, 358.The mesh quality of 99.991% of the total elements is bigger than 0.4.
The 18 dots are numbered.
The number of the thermocouples that can be arranged is limited in the limited space, while the temperature and velocity anywhere can be obtained from the simulation result.
Liu, Research on modeling and simulation of mixed flow grain dryer, Drying technology. 25 (2007) 681-687
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Günter Wagner, M. Schmidbauer, J. Schwarzkopf, R. Fornari
Introduction
The difference in lattice parameters (20 %) and thermal expansion coefficients (8%) between 3CSiC
and Si is responsible for the generation of a large number of planar defects, e.g. stacking faults
and twins, in epitaxially grown SiC layers.
A large number of defects are located at the crystallite boundaries, and these defects lead to poor electrical characteristics of the layers.
This implies a higher density of grain boundaries and therefore the presence of more dislocations and planar nucleation defects.
The decreasing number of grain boundaries results in lower density of dislocations and planar defects and thus in narrower FWHM of XRD rocking curves.
A large number of defects are located at the crystallite boundaries, and these defects lead to poor electrical characteristics of the layers.
This implies a higher density of grain boundaries and therefore the presence of more dislocations and planar nucleation defects.
The decreasing number of grain boundaries results in lower density of dislocations and planar defects and thus in narrower FWHM of XRD rocking curves.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Evelina Vogli, Jan Nebel, Wolfgang Tillmann
Tab. 1: Deposited multilayer systems
Multilayer-system Number of periods
Ti/TiN 10-30
Cr/CrN 10-30
CrN/TiN 10-30
Cr/TiN 10-30
Results and discussion
Sensor coatings deposited onto cutting inserts
The adhesion of the Ni and NiCr-layers has been evaluated by means of scratch test at different
etching temperature (Fig. 3).
The wear coefficient fell with increasing layer number.
Based on the research work of Was et. al. [19] it is known that with increasing periodicity of layers and with reduction of the individual monolayer thickness the grain size is reduced.
A large number of interfaces between individual monolayers act as barrier for crack propagation.
Based on the observation of Kung et. al. [20] ductile materials loose their toughness if the grain size reaches nanometer dimensions.
The wear coefficient fell with increasing layer number.
Based on the research work of Was et. al. [19] it is known that with increasing periodicity of layers and with reduction of the individual monolayer thickness the grain size is reduced.
A large number of interfaces between individual monolayers act as barrier for crack propagation.
Based on the observation of Kung et. al. [20] ductile materials loose their toughness if the grain size reaches nanometer dimensions.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jia Ping Liu, Guo Ming Dong
More over, the cone-shaped roof can rule out the rain quickly and help to reduce snow loads in winter, compared with the flat roof.
2.3 Material selection
The walls of the yurt are generally divided into outer and inner layers--the inner layer is porous felt and the outer is close-grained fur or other materials—which are compatible with the dry and windy weather.
Generally, the sandstorm weather is seasonal, so the herdsmen determine the number of close-grained material of the outer layer depending on the season, the wind speed and the dryness of the air. 3.
Hot Pressing Ventilation: when building a Mongolian yurt, herdsmen set numbers of inlets around the walls at the bottom of the yurt and set a chimney or hood on the roof.
Arranging from the west of Alashan Gobi to the east of Hulun Buir Grassland, Fig. 4 Wind power proportion of provinces Inner Mongolia has invested hundreds of billion to build a number of large-scale wind power plants, which will gradually replace the conventional energy.
Generally, the sandstorm weather is seasonal, so the herdsmen determine the number of close-grained material of the outer layer depending on the season, the wind speed and the dryness of the air. 3.
Hot Pressing Ventilation: when building a Mongolian yurt, herdsmen set numbers of inlets around the walls at the bottom of the yurt and set a chimney or hood on the roof.
Arranging from the west of Alashan Gobi to the east of Hulun Buir Grassland, Fig. 4 Wind power proportion of provinces Inner Mongolia has invested hundreds of billion to build a number of large-scale wind power plants, which will gradually replace the conventional energy.
Online since: January 2009
Authors: Zhi Qiang Gao, Zhong Rong Song, Han Tao, Li Xin Ling
TiO2 film was coated on the surface of silica microspheres by dip coating method. the silica
microspheres were immerged in TiO2 Sol Solution for 2 ~ 3 mins, drying for 30 mins at 80°C, then
roasting for 1 h in muffle furnace at 450°C, repeat 3-5 times.
2.3 Characterization of SiO2/TiO2 nano-film
Silica microspheres of TiO2 film surface morphology and mensurate the film thickness with
Ba3000i-microscope, samples crystal and grain size were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD).
Its grain size is determined by TiO2 the strongest diffraction (101) FWHM , Scherrer formul acalculates that the average size is 10 nm.
With the coating number increase, TiO2 appearances anatase and rutile.
But with the coating number increasing, the rutile gradually transformed into anatase.
With the more number of coating film, the higher concentration of reactant, the higher degradation rate to methyl orange.
Its grain size is determined by TiO2 the strongest diffraction (101) FWHM , Scherrer formul acalculates that the average size is 10 nm.
With the coating number increase, TiO2 appearances anatase and rutile.
But with the coating number increasing, the rutile gradually transformed into anatase.
With the more number of coating film, the higher concentration of reactant, the higher degradation rate to methyl orange.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Qian Li, Jun Sun, Yan Tao, Zheng Liu
Therefore, firstly CFRP should be arranged in the expansion parts to improve the bearing capacity and ductility of the component through the restraining action of CFRP;Secondly, because of the weak shear strength of CFRP, when the direction of the expansion is parallel to the grain of CFRP (longitudinal), the reinforcement effect is obvious; When it is perpendicular to the grain, the reinforcement effect is very weak, almost does not work.
Details about the strain gauges pasting: The midpoint of each side of the column section were affixed with horizontal (H), vertical (Z) strain gauge, the transverse strain gage number is respectively 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, and the corresponding longitudinal strain gage number is respectively 1Z, 2Z, 3Z and 4Z, and the corner strain gauge number is respectively a, b, c and d, as is shown in Figure 3 Table 1:The section size and relevant parameter No. of specimen Size of specimen (mm) Slenderness ratio Eccentric distance (mm) Eccentricity Reinforcement approach Grade of concrete A0 150×150×900 6 0 0 not reinforced C20 A1 0 0 reinforced A2 20 0.133 reinforced A3 40 0.267 reinforced A4 60 0.400 reinforced B0 150×150×900 6 20 0.133 not reinforced C40 B1 0 0 reinforced B2 20 0.133 reinforced B3 40 0.267 reinforced B4 60 0.400 reinforced Table 2:Mechanics And Material properties of CFRP Type of CFRP Tensile strength (N/mm2) Modulus E (N/mm2) Elongation % Bending strength (Map) Weight per
Details about the strain gauges pasting: The midpoint of each side of the column section were affixed with horizontal (H), vertical (Z) strain gauge, the transverse strain gage number is respectively 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, and the corresponding longitudinal strain gage number is respectively 1Z, 2Z, 3Z and 4Z, and the corner strain gauge number is respectively a, b, c and d, as is shown in Figure 3 Table 1:The section size and relevant parameter No. of specimen Size of specimen (mm) Slenderness ratio Eccentric distance (mm) Eccentricity Reinforcement approach Grade of concrete A0 150×150×900 6 0 0 not reinforced C20 A1 0 0 reinforced A2 20 0.133 reinforced A3 40 0.267 reinforced A4 60 0.400 reinforced B0 150×150×900 6 20 0.133 not reinforced C40 B1 0 0 reinforced B2 20 0.133 reinforced B3 40 0.267 reinforced B4 60 0.400 reinforced Table 2:Mechanics And Material properties of CFRP Type of CFRP Tensile strength (N/mm2) Modulus E (N/mm2) Elongation % Bending strength (Map) Weight per
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Ke Qin, Xing Han, Jian Zhong Cui, Bo Shao, Hai Tao Zhang
From a number of experiments and comparison of various methods, continuous casting is an ideal method for composite ingot, especially coated metal, because of its simple device, low danger coefficient, effortlessly controllability and conducive to mass production.
For the 4045 aluminum alloy, the microstructure contains the dendritic α-Al phase and a eutectic structure with fine acicular Si, while on the 3003 aluminum alloy side, a few Al6Mn particles are distributed homogeneously in the Al matrix, and strips precipitated around the grain boundary as well.
Under the cooling from graphitic inner-casing, the 3003 aluminum alloy, which is close to the graphite, started to solidify and the grains grew along the radial direction, forming solid supporting layer.
Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the supports of the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant number 2012CB723307-03), the Cultivation Seed Foundation of the National Protect from Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.
N130409003) and the National Science Foundation for the Youth (Grant number 51204046).
For the 4045 aluminum alloy, the microstructure contains the dendritic α-Al phase and a eutectic structure with fine acicular Si, while on the 3003 aluminum alloy side, a few Al6Mn particles are distributed homogeneously in the Al matrix, and strips precipitated around the grain boundary as well.
Under the cooling from graphitic inner-casing, the 3003 aluminum alloy, which is close to the graphite, started to solidify and the grains grew along the radial direction, forming solid supporting layer.
Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the supports of the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant number 2012CB723307-03), the Cultivation Seed Foundation of the National Protect from Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.
N130409003) and the National Science Foundation for the Youth (Grant number 51204046).