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In order to determine whether the cellulose I has been transformed into cellulose II, the solubility, structure, crystallinty and thermal stability of the extrude cellulose were investigated by polarizing Optical microscope, FTIR, XRD and TGA, respectively.
The XRD results indicate that the crystalline structure of regenerated cellulose through the extrusion process in attend of ionic liquid is mostly disrupted.
Moreover, the existence of non-crystalline structures in the material can be assumed by the appearance of the broad diffraction peaks in the range of 15-19°.
In addition the new peak which was appeared at 20.18, characteristic of cellulose-II crystalline structure.
[7] Zhu, S.D., et al.Green Chemistry, 2006. 8(4): p. 325-327

Experimental Research on the Preparation of Porous Activated Carbon from Orange Wastes Xie Zhi-gang College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China Email: xinghu2200@163.com Keywords: orange wastes; activated carbon; preparation Abstract.
The porous structures of the orange wastes activated carbon were investigated by BET, D-R equations, BJH equations and Kelvin theory.
Subsequently, the samples were repeatedly washed with hot distilled water and finally washed with cold distilled water, then dried at 110 °C for 4 h and crushed to obtain activated carbons finally. 2.3 Pore structure characterization The pore structure characteristics of the gained carbons were determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77K using an automatic Micromeritics ASAP-2010 volumetric sorption analyzer.
According to IUPAC classification, the Type I isotherm is associated with microporous structures.
Type Ⅱ adsorption isotherm of nitrogen at 77K isotherm indicates the activated carbon has more mesoporous structures leading to an gradual increase in adsorption after the initial filling of the micropores.

A comparison with a Nb-free alloy indicates a significant hardening effect of niobium on the bainitic structure.
At this temperature, 450°C, typical upper bainite structures are observed.
In Si-rich steels several carbides have been reported to exist with structures difficult to discern from cementite (e.g. χ carbide).
The description of the evolution of the structure in the Si-rich alloy C has been performed.
Narita, Physical chemistry of the groups Iva (Ti, Zr), Va (V, Nb,Ta) and the rare earth elemnts in steel, Trans.

The structure and composition of the ZnO/TiO2 composite and SWNTs doped ZnO/TiO2 composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
SWNTs attract considerable attention since their discovery due to their special structure, extraordinary mechanical and electronic properties.
They have large specific surface area, hollow and layered structures[8]and can conduct electrons efficiently.
The structure, composition and morphology of samples were characterized by XRD and SEM.
There was no ZnO characteristic diffraction peaks in Fig.2b and Fig.2c, due to the small amount and amorphous structure of ZnO [9].

This structure evolution is well known for GP zones but not for GPB zones.
The sequence and structures of the precipitates that evolve in α-θ alloys, α→GP→θ"→θ'→θ, (where θ ≡Al2Cu) are now essentially undisputed [4].
GPB zones have a structure only recently described with some precision [5,6] as having a rod or needle shaped morphology, but observed by HRTEM only after treatment of the alloy at temperatures > 180 oC.
It should be noted that there is also an active debate about the structure of S-phase and the existence of alternative morphologies [6,7].
Fig 2 shows the Cu atoms initially in α-phase after STQ, but moved into the GP zone structure after an aging interval at room temperature.

The microstructure of the sample is still layered structure.
It indicates that high calcinations temperature can break the layer structure of the montmorillonite.
The interlayer distance of TiO2-pillared montmorillonite is expanded and it keeps the nice stratified structure.
Conclusion The titanium dioxide pillared montmorillonite were prepared by Sol - gel method successfully and its interlayer distance is bigger than that of sodium based montmorillonite and kept the layer structure.
Meanwhile the calcinations temperature can not be too high, or the layer structure would be destroyed.

Morphology and Structure of the VOx-NTs The XRD pattern of vanadium oxide nanotubes (Fig. 3 (b)) shows the low-angle reflection peaks, which are characteristic for the well-ordered layered structures.
It exhibits a single line without apparent hyperfine structure.
Formation of Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes Layered structure employed for the synthesis of vanadium oxide nanotubes were obtained with V2O5 and suitable organic surfactants, which also acted as nanotube structure templates.
In agreement, the SEM pattern also indicates the formation of typical lamellar structure.
In Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry; Emeleus H.

Introduction In the design phase of any structure, various checks for shear, bending, deflection, etc. are performed on each structural member in order to ensure that the structure withstands the forces it is subjected to without substantial damage and hence failure.
Zhang et al. found that the key parameter defining the phase structures of the product is calcination temperature and it plays an important role in the crystalline structure, morphology, and hence the luminescent yield.[19] This is due to the quantum size effect of the nanoscale phosphor particles, which leads to an increase in the kinetic energy of the electrons and thus the bandgap leading to high demand for excitation of the phosphor powder.
Banishev, “Structure, luminescence and mechano-optical properties of strontium aluminate doped with europium and dysprosium ions,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 812, p. 012007, May 2020
Yan, “Synthesis of SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy phosphor nanometer powders by sol-gel processes and its optical properties,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 68–72, May 2004
Clabau et al., “Mechanism of Phosphorescence Appropriate for the Long-Lasting Phosphors Eu2+-Doped SrAl2O4 with Codopants Dy3+ and B3+,” Chemistry of Materials, vol. 17, no. 15, pp. 3904–3912, Jul. 2005.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, pp. 5439-5435
Effect of curing temperature on the development of hard structure of Metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete.
Geopolymer chemistry and sustainable development.
The poly(sialate) terminology: a very useful and simple model for the promotion and understanding of green-chemistry.
Materials and Structures, 55(1), p.22

It was demonstrated that the half-widths of the scattering patterns of retro-reflective coatings with different structures were quite close, and the reflection maximum of the designed coatings approached the reflection maximum of the commercial “3M” film at the same allowable viewing angles.
Figure 3 shows the structure of retro-reflective coating which includes upper translucent protective layer 28 with a flat front surface and backside with informational image 29 on it.
Structure of retro-reflective coating The scattering pattern is a principal characteristic for evaluation of optical properties of retro-reflective coatings.
It was demonstrated that the half-widths of the scattering patterns of retro-reflective coatings with different structures were quite close, and the reflection maximum of the designed coatings approached the reflection maximum of the commercial “3M” film at the same allowable viewing angles.
Sorokin, Film former chemistry and technology.