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Introduction Diffusion creep contributes to failure in manmade materials and is important to understand for that reason.
In this contribution we show the insights that can be gained from modelling creep in single phase materials and then we highlight unresolved challenges in modelling two phase creep.
Wheeler, Journal of Geophysical Research 97, (1992), 4579-4586
Wheeler, Geophysical Journal International 178, (2009), 1723-1732
Coble, Journal of Applied Physics 34, (1963), 1679-1682

In this experiment, the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fibers are selected as raw materials, the preparation of carbon fiber paper body with the density of 20g/m2 by dry-press process and molding technology, the nitrile -butadiene rubber (NBR) and phenolic resin in the mixed solution is selected as impregnant.
Journal of Power Sources 178 (2008) 80–85 [3] M.
Diffusion media materials and characterization, in :W.
[6] Mathias M F, Roth J, Fleming J et al, Diffusion media materials and characterisation.
[11] Thostenson E T, Ren Z, Chou T W, Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review, Composites science and technology. 61(2001), 1899-1912.

The properties of longitudinal bar, stirrup, steel angle and steel flat were tested according to GB/T 228-2002 Metallic materials -Tensile Testing at Ambient Temperature, the test result is presented in Table 2.
References [1] Lin Youqin, Gong Guang, Zong Zhouhong, Test research on concentric axial compression of concrete short columns reinforced outside by steel plank, Journal of Fuzhou University (Natural Science), 30 (2002) 221-224 (in Chinese)
[4] Lu Zhoudao, Liu Changqing, Zhang Kechun, Wang Huanjie, Experimental study on the seismic performance of enveloped steel strengthened RC frame joint, Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (2010) 56-62 (in Chinese)
[5] Pan Zhihong, Li Aiqun, Nonlinear static analysis on RC column strengthened with externally bonded steel frame based on fiber model, Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 39 (2009) 552-556 (in Chinese)
Journal o f Structural Engineering, 129 (2003) 725-732

Material properties of the shell are assumed according to table 1.
[11]Jih,c.J.and C.T.Sun “Prediction of delamination in composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact” journal of composite materials 27.684-701.(1993)
Composite science and Technology, 58:463_478.(1998)
Sharifishourabi Effect of Ply Thickness on Displacements and Stresses in Laminated GFRP Cylinder Subjected to Radial Load Advanced Materials Research Vols. 488-489 (2012) pp 367-371 [15]SH.
Sharifishourabi, Mechanical Behavior of GFRP Laminated Composite Pipe Subjected To Uniform Radial Patch Load Advanced Materials Research Vols. 488-489 (2012) pp 542-546 [16] K.S.

Materials and methods Adsorbent.
Ahmad, Adsorption of methylene blue onto treated activated carbon, The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 11(2007) 400 – 406
Elkouali, Removal of Cationic Dye Methylene Blue onto Moroccan Clay, Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Chemistry. 13 (2013)
Ahmad, Adsorption of Methylene Blue on low-cost adsorbents: a Review, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 177(2010) 70-80
Subbhuraam, Adsorption of methylene blue onto jute fiber carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies, Journal of Colloid Interface Science. 284 (2005) 78-82

Chemical Kinetic Studies on Polyurethane Formation of GAP and HTPB with IPDI by Using In-Situ FT-IR Spectroscopy Abbas Tanver*, Mu-Hua Huang, LUO Yun-jun, Zehuan Hei （School of Materials and Engineering Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China) For correspondence: tanvermughal@gmail.com Key words: In-Situ FT-IR; glycidyl azide polymer (GAP); hydroxyl terminated poly butadiene (HTPB); chemical kinetics; polyurethane; dibutyl tin dilurate (DBTDL).
Experimental: Materials Characteristics: Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) having molecular weight and hydroxyl contents 3700 g mol-1 and 29.15 mg KOH g-1 respectively, Nitrogen contents, water contents and functionality are 41.3 %, 0.217 % and 1.92 respectively.
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2011, 19(3): 291-294
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008, Vol. 110, 908–914
Wen Qing Zhen.; Zou Chao.; Zhu Jinhua, FT-IR Study of polyurethane curing behavior [J] Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2003, 19 (1): 108-111

Therefore, the development of good materials for modifying ZnO/TiO2 is urgently needed to increase the photocatalytic activity.
Chinese Journal of Catalysis.26(2005),P.745.
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae.25(2005),P.1021 [3] Huang X H, Tang Y C, Hu C, Yu H Q.Journal of Environmental Sciences.17(2005),P.562 [4] Chen C, Wang Z Y, Ruan S P, Zou B, Zhao M, Wu F Q.Dyes and Pigments.77(2008),P.204 [5] Liu Q J, Wu X H, Liu Q, He Y H.
Journal of Functional Materials.34(2003),P.224 [6] Liu Y, Sun D Z, Cheng L, Li Y P.Journal of Environmental Sciences18(2006),P.1189 [7] LiaoD L, Badour C A, Liao B Q.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry.194 (2008),P.11 [8] Yang C, Wohlgenannt M, Vardeny Z V, Blau W J, Dalton A B, Baughman R, Zakhidov A A.
Physica B.(2003),P.338 [9] Hao Y Z, Lu J A.Journal of Functional Materials.5(2005),P.723 [10] Yu Y, Jimmy C, Chan C Y, Che Y K.Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.61(2005),P.1

Journal Of Material Science, Victoria: Chapman & Hall, 28, 6657-6664
Gomes, Synthesis of tungsten carbide through gas-solid reaction at low temperatures, Materials Science and Engineering A, (2001), vol. 315, 1-2, p. 58-62
Weimer, (1997), Carbide, Nitride And Boride Materials Synthesis And Processing.
Metallurgical And Materials Transaction B, 31b, 391-402, (2000)
Elsevier Science, 282/283, 101-119, (1996).

The results show that soilbags have a relatively high damping ratio and variable horizontal stiffness so that they can be used as base isolation materials.
Besides, soilbags are cheap and easy to acquire; furthermore the materials inside soilbags may be various construction wastes, such as crushed concrete, asphalt and tile wastes.
If used in the reconstruction of earthquake-affected areas, this technology contributes greatly to the recycling of waste materials.
Fig.5 shows the variation of G withσv andγof soilbags filled with different materials at the maximum shear strain of 1%.
References [1] Li Hongnan, Wang Suyan,　Jia Junhui: Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Vol. 17 (1997), P.73 (in Chinese) [2] Li Aiqun: Journal of Southeast University Vol. 21 (1991), P.130 (in Chinese) [3] Ajay Sharma and R.S.Jangid: Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 38 (2009), P.186 [4] Mark A.

The interface of fiber and matrix strongly influences the performance and strength of fiber-reinforced composite materials.
[4] Baljon A.R.C., and Robbins M.O., Science, 271(5248), (1996), 482-484
[11] Sides S.W., Grest G.S., Stevens M.J. and Plimpton S.J., Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics, 42, (2004), 199-208
[23] Abrams C.F. and Kremer K., Journal of Chemical Physics, 115(6), (2001), 2776-2785
[27] Accelrys Inc., Material Studio, Copyright 2001-2004, Accelrys Inc