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Vanadium is able to stabilize the structure of carbide in high chromium cast iron, meanwhile the hardness of carbide containing vanadium can reaches about 2800HV.
Its structure is face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice like NaCl with the lattice parameter a = 0.46 nm.
However, (Fe,Cr)7C3 carbide has the close-packed hexagonal structure with the lattice parameter a = 0.688 nm, c = 0.454 nm[13].
Chen: Metallurgical Physical Chemistry, Beijing: Metallurgy Industry Press, 1990, 89.

The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR.
Now most the CPAM products both here and abroad are of linear structure, which usually possess the problems of reconfiguration and diffusion [2].
Results and discussion Physics and chemistry character of HACPAM.
The effect of the structure modification on the retention and drainage performance is demonstrated in Fig. 6.
Qiu: Wet end chemistry (Chemical Industry Press, Beijing 2006)

Dardavila3,c 1,2,3 National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of General Chemistry, 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus 15 780, Greece a dinak@chemeng.ntua.gr, bdelig_ioanna@hotmail.com, cmirtodar@teemail.gr Keywords: metal matrix composite electrocoatings, pulse electrolysis, nickel, TiO2, ZrO2, particles incorporation, Vickers microhardness.
The synergetic action of both the pulse application and the simultaneous codeposition of the two different types of particles on the structure, the morphological characteristics and the microhardness of the composite electrocoatings, were studied.
The structure is relatively microcrystalline and the particles seem to be dispersed homogeneously in the nickel matrix.
One can observe that, under these electrolysis parameters, the structure of the deposit is dramatically changed and the nickel crystallites are oriented towards the more inhibited mode crystal growth, the [211] axis.
On the other hand, the relatively low roughness of the Ni/TiO2 -ZrO2 composite electrocoatings seems to correlate with their microcrystalline structure while their corrosion resistance is characterized as particularly sufficient.

The results showed that the layer structures of laminated composites remained consecutiveness with 93% deformation.
Pt-based high temperature structure materials have great demand in the fields of modern industry, national defense technology and new and high technology because of they have high melting point, good thermal stability, antioxidant and corrosion-resistance.
The microlaminate structure (thickness of 100nm-1mm) is on the basis of natural shell structure with bionics design, and its principle is that: minimize the sensitivity of the material mechanical properties on the original crack defects by minimize layer spacing and multiple interface effect to make materials develop into a kind of materials that are not sensitive to defects [1].
PtTi0.5Zr0.2 Element Wt% At% TiK 38.20 71.57 PtL 61.80 28.43 Matrix Correction ZAF Ti Fig. 2 SEM/EDS analysis of PtTi0.5Zr0.2/Ti laminated composite interface (93% cold-rolled). 50 μm A Ti PtTi0.5Zr0.2 B C D Evolution of layer structure during rolling process.
The effect of processing variables on the structure and chemistry of Ti-aluminide based LMCS, Mat.

As the defect of each point of the silica sample is diverse, and the lasers focus point by point, the sample block were divided into three-dimensional structure for each laser-point to discuss the relationship between the LIDT of each points and the OH-content in this paper.
During the former research,we study the relationship between the laser damage character and the fusing atmosphere or the heat treatment process to detect the different structure of different treatment process with different LIDT.
The structure is incomplete the same at the vertical and horizontal direction of each bulk.
The fell-down ofthe micro-structure lead to the losing of the chemistry stability, the OH-content is not the key factor of the LIDT-valuewhile it can influence on the accumulation of the point-lacuna[8].
Conclusion The structure and content of OH among the fused silica is different point by point, to find out the relationship between the OH and LIDT of each laser focusing point and the solution is effective for application especially for the parallel laser system.

Alexandrescu2 1 Romanian Academy, Institute of Physical Chemistry "Ilie Murgulescu", Splaiul Independentei 202, Bucharest, Romania 2 METAV - Research and Development, C.
All layers were formed by diffusion with reaction and present two zones with different structures and compositions and therefore different properties.
Coatings of different thicknesses but with the same structure were obtained by varying the working temperature and diffusion time.
Examination of the secondary electron images reveals uniform but different structures in the outer as well as inner layers, Figures 4 (a-c).
This compound exhibits a cubic with centered faces crystalline structure with a network parameter a = 11.369 Å, according to ASTM 04009-8176 file.

A good matching is concluded between the pore size distributions of the structures generated in this study and the reference structures.
Mesoporous Structure Macroporous Structure Grain Shape Parameters Cylinder Length (Lcm) 20 nm - Cylinder Diameter (dcm) 10 nm - Sphere Diameter (dsM) - 2.4 μm Porosity (εm, εM) 43% 25% Exclusion Factor (FE) 0.0 0.7 System Size (Lx×Ly×t) 100×100×100 nm3 10×10×50 μm3 (a) (b) Fig. 2 – Pore size distributions of the mesoporous structure (a) and macroporous structure (b) obtained in this work and reported in the reference work [17].
Results The washcoat sample considered in this study has a bimodal pore structure with the mesoporous structure reconstructed following the parameters listed in Table 1 and with a macroporous structure generated considering the parameters presented in Table 2.
The operating conditions that lead to an increase of the surface chemistry rates in relation to the rates of species transport also lead to a decrease of the effectiveness factor.
This is justified on the basis of the CO self-inhibition effect taken into account in the surface chemistry rate expression because the kinetic rate may not increase by increasing the CO concentration (see reference [2]).

Phosphate ions are able to be incorporated into the structure of the siloxane framework of polysilicic acid, increasing its fire resistance, which was confirmed by IR spectroscopy.
At the same time, the speed of flame propagation on the surface of the polymer is quite high due to its porous structure, which can cause the instant spread of fire over large areas.
A significant loss of mass (12.5 %) is associated with the release of residues of acetic acid, sodium acetate and structured water from the composition.
Guo, Preparation and sound insulation Performance of polystyrene building flame retardant and thermal insulation building materials, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, (2022) 1–6
Gong, Graphite oxide, graphene, and metal-loaded graphene for fire safety applications of polystyrene, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22(32) (2012) 16399

Preparation of Hyper-branched Polymer and Its Application in Synthetic Leather Taotao Qianga, Min Luob, Xuechuan Wangc, Longfang Rend Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Light Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021 aqiangtaotao@sust.edu.cn, blan.tuler@163.com, cwangxc@sust.edu.cn, drenlf1010@163.com Keywords: hyper-branched polymer, preparation, characterization, microfiber synthetic leather, application Abstract.
The molecular structure of HPAE-C was characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.
Based on the superiority of structure and properties of hyper-branched polymers, HPAE-C was used to deal with microfiber synthetic leather in order to improve its health properties.
In theory, the structure of hyper-branched polymers is oval-shaped, when filling it in the fibers, fiber gap will be expanded and increased.
The molecular structure of HPAE-C was characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.

Effective method for preparation of surface NH2-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica Junhua Li*, Dan Zhang and Qijian Zhang School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China lijunhua0521@163.com,*corresponding author Keywords: mesoporous silica; SBA-15; surface functional; amino Abstract: Surface NH2-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica was synthesized using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as bridge molecule.
XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, FTIR and 29Si MAS NMR were used to identify the well-ordered structure and the successful incorporation of -NH2 on the surface of the synthesized materials.
Characterizations revealed that such -NH2 graft is an effective method to obtain a high loading of amino on SBA -15. 1 Introduction With attractive structure characteristics and excellent alkaline properties, amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (MS) had received increasing attention[1,2].
This result indicated that the mesoporous structure did not be destroyed in the surface functional process.
It employed TDI as the bridge molecule for this NH2-functionalization, and included the following remarkable advantages: (1) avoiding the interactions between amino-silanol and amino-amino, (2) avoiding the mesoporous structure be destroyed, and (3) providing high functional efficiency.