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Ceramic materials, such as WC-Co coating, have been paid more attention for its superior properties of high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and high hardness [1, 3].
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2016, 57:24-30
Materials Review, 2006
Journal of Shenyang University of Technology, 2013
Journal of Northeastern University, 2013, 34(10):1416-1419

Journal of Materials Technology, Vol. 123 (2002), p. 377
Journal of materials engineering, Vol. 12 (2009), p. 30
Journal of materials engineering, Vol. 7 (2010), p. 54
Computational Materials Science, Vol. 49 (2010), p. 134
Journal of functional materials, Vol. 40 (12) (2009), p. 183.

Many researches indicate that an obvious difference exists between the fracture properties of concrete materials and metal materials, i.e. for concrete materials, a micro-crack zone will emerge at the macro-crack tip during structure loading, that is the fracture process zone, and the macro-cracks have propagated to some extent before the structure loses stability.
It is clear that the original critical curve is on the conservative side and too strict with engineering materials.
Crack extension resistance and fracture properties of quasi-brittle softening materials like concrete based on the complete process of fracture, International Journal of fracture, 1998, 92:71-99
Mixed-mode fracture toughness testing of concrete beams in three-point bending, Materials and Structures,1988,37:385-406
Test Research of the Critical Value on Concrete Fracture, Journal of Fuzhou University (Nature Science), 1994,22(4):222-227

Experimental materials used in rotating forging.
Huang, “Study on the twist compression forming of cylinder based on the upper bound and slab method,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 174, (2006), pp. 266-271
Huang, Study on the twist compression forming of cylinder based on the upper bound and slab method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 174, (2006), pp. 266-271
Hsia, An upper bound solution for upsettung of anisotropic hollow cylinders, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 623, (2009), pp. 71-78
Alexandrov, A upper bound solution for upsetting of two-layer cylinder, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 505-507, (2006), pp. 1303-1308

The defects in crystalline materials significantly affect the fracture behaviors.
Wang, Computational Materials Science 12 (1998) 73
Miyazaki, Computational Materials Science 31 (2004) 269
Dahi, Mechanics of Materials 38 (2006) 243
Bulatov et al., Journal of Nuclear Materials 323 (2003) 281

Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials.
Science;1999; (284):1318-1322
Journal of Membrane Science 2003;225:115-123
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 2009;88A(2):448-453
Journal of Microbiological Methods 2003; 54: 403-410

Siddiquee, Beta Titanium Alloys: the Lowest Elastic Modulus for Biomedical Applications: a Review, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Nuclear, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 8(8) (2014) 726-731
Yurovskikh, Metallic materials for medical use, MATEC Web of Conferences, 132 (2017) 03003
Niinomi, Biocompatibility of Ti-alloys for long-term implantation, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 20 (2013) 407-415
Akahori, Effects of Ta content on Young’s modulus and tensile properties of binary Ti-Ta alloys for biomedical applications, Materials Science and Engineering F 371 (2004) 283-290 [15] S.
Liu, Study of low-modulus biomedical β Ti–Nb–Zr alloys based on single-crystal elastic constants modeling, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 62 (2016) 310-318 [27] M.

References [1] P.Tailhades et al. / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 193 (1999) 148-151
Goldman, Handbook of Modern Ferromagnetic Materials, Kulwer Academic Publishers, Boston, USA, 1999
Gul et al. / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 320 (2008) 270–275
[14] Maaz et al. / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 308 (2007) 289–295
/Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 324 (2012) 2926–2931

Materials and methods Pumpkin is a member of the Cucurbitaceous [10] of 125 genera and 825 species.
According Mayer et al. [9], different parameters influence mechanical properties of fruit and vegetable materials, density, composition of materials, turgor pressure of cells, and adhesion are some them.
Cell wall rupture and cell-cell debonding are two main defined reasons of failure in plant materials [9].
[14] "Compression test of food materials of convex shape," ASAE, 2008
Yarlagadda, "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Pumpkin Tissue," Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, vol. 54, pp. 16-24, 2012

Materials and Methods Materials Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA, Mw» 47,000 g/mol, 98% hydrolyzed) was purchased from Fluka chemika.
Afarani: Engineered electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/octacalcium phosphate (OCP) scaffold for bone tissue engineering, Materials Science and Engineering C Vol. 81 (2017), p. 127-132 [2] P.
Thirugnanam: Effect of porous activated charcoal reinforcement on mechanical and in-vitro biological properties of polyvinyl alcohol composite scaffolds, Journal of Materials Science & Technology Vol. 33 (2016), p. 734-743 [5] N.
Meesane: Tissue engineering scaffold from polymeric materials (2015), p.119-158
Marzec: A review: Fabrication of porous polyurethane scaffolds, Materials Science and Engineering C Vol. 48 (2015), p. 586-591 [11] W.