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The DSSC structure comprises of TiO2 working electrode with and without CdS powder, Pt counter electrode, rutherium (II) (N719) dye and lithium iodide electrolyte.
Summary Blending 10 wt% of CdS powder to TiO2 paste and varying the layer structure of DSSC has shown an interesting result.
Prachopchok, et al., Effect of annealing on material properties of both electrodes in dye sensitized solar cell structure.
Han, et al., An optimized multilayer structure of CdS layer for CdTe solar cells application.
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2006. 182(3) 296-305

Two main factors influence the protective effect of the silane building protective agents, that is, the molecular structure and the content of the active component.
Mechanism of silane building protective agents The protective effect of silane building protective agents is closely related to the molecular structure and content of the active component.
By this time the retention time of calibration substance and active components in unknown sample should be compared carefully to identify the exact structure of the active components.
It can be seen that the mass spectrum of the active components in unknown sample is similar with that of n-octyl triethoxy silane and (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) triethoxy silane, and its structure cannot be determined undoubtedly.
Silicone chemistry.

If the Al-solder interfacial mechanical strength was improved by changed the interfacial structure or optimized the jointing process, the flip chip devices would show the lonely ductile fracture in the bulk of solder.
The structure of solder joints also influence the mechanical properties because the solder joints have two interfaces and its mechanical failure tends to occur near the interfaces.
Therefore, the intrinsic nature of metal and the structure of solder joints are responsible for the degradation of mechanical properties.
The interfaces of solder and IMC show a brittle fracture because of the heterogeneous structure of the interfaces.
N., “The effect of contact resistance on current crowding and electromigration in ULSI multi-level interconnects.,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 77, No. 2 (2003), pp. 377-383

This numerical method allows for the complex structure of the conducting polymer actuator to be analysed using three dimensional beam elements available in Abaqus/Standard and allowing for the principles of classic beam theory to be implemented.
Over last decade a significant amount of research has focused on optimising the structure of conducting polymer actuators to allow for the largest bending motion possible as well as the highest force output relative to the applied voltage.
Based on these, the conducting polymer actuator can be modelled as a cantilever beam and therefore a structure with a certain length as the predominant feature when compared to its cross section dimensions.
Results and Discussion To validate and verify the accuracy and reliability of both the proposed analytical and numerical models on modelling of the voltage-force-displacement relationship of conducting polymer actuators, we picked up two different actuators studied in literature: a) Actuator 1 has a five layer structure consisting of two PPy layers, a PVDF layer and two platinum layers for enhanced conduction capabilities; and b) Actuator 2 also has a five layer structure consisting of two PPy layers, a PVDF layer but two gold layers for enhanced conduction capabilities.
Kouzani, Electrochemical fabrication and modelling of mechanical behavior of a tri-layer polymer actuator, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 125 (2011) 113-117

Furthermore, the combination of 5% SCPC and 5% Ca(OH)2 in the cement facilitated a compact structure with superior mechanical strength.
The additional bands assigned to carbonate were also detected at 873-874 cm-1 and 1420-1491 cm-1 indicating CO32- - PO43- ionic substitution in the apatite structure.
This is due to the role of bioactive silicate SiO4- functional groups of SCPC which act as a binding agent in the cement and enrich the cement areas with more dense structure.
El-Ghannam, Advanced bioceramic composite for bone tissue engineering: design principles and structure bioactivity relationship, J.
Elliot, Structure and chemistry of the apatites and other calcium orthophosphates, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994, p. 260

Introduction Titanium and its alloys are widely used in aviation, chemistry and biotechnology, because of their high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and Biocompatibility.
The wear and tear experimental results of nanocrystalline structure and coarse grain structure under 100N and different time were shown in Fig. 7(a).
Fig.7 The wea results of nanocrystalline structure and coarse grain structure. a, under 100N in different time. b, different loads in 5 minutes.
The first reason is that the deformation mechanism of nanocrystalline structure is different from that of the coarse grain structure.
The first reason is that the deformation mechanism of nanocrystalline structure is different from that of the coarse grain structure.

The scaffold pore structures were studied by SEM (Mira-LMS, Tescan).
The scaffold pore structure was typical for open-cell ceramic foams.
Structure of Al2O3-PSZ foam scaffold with HAP coating (10 wt.%): (A) pore structure; (B) foam strut; (C) the strut surface; (D) HAP coating structure.
Hing, Bone repair in the twenty-first century: biology, chemistry or engineering?
Perry, Porous orbital implant structure, US Patent 6,063,117 (2000)

Properties of High Solid Content UV Curable Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions with Different C=C Content Yongbin Jiu1, 2, a, Xinmiao Zeng1, b, Junhui Ji2, c, Yu Zhai1, d and Liancai Wang1, e 1 Beijing Radiation Application Research Centre, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, 100015, China. 2 Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 102206, China.
The structure of the ultraviolet (UV) curable WPU dispersions was studied by FT-IR.

During the past several years, lots of methods have been developed for the preparation of hollow spheres, such as template method [6], absorb technique [7], spray high-distinguish method [8,9], ultrasonic chemistry [10] and solvothermal approach [11, 12].
Results and discussion The hollow structure is confirmed by the low magnification TEM images and HRTEM images, Fig.1 (a, b) show typical TEM images of the products which have a hollow structure and the outer diameter is about 40-50 nm.
The structure was also studied by HRTEM.
From the Fig.1 (d), a layer of amorphous structure is discovered at the brim of the hollow sphere, we conclude this amorphous structure is DBS adsorbed on the ZnO nanocrystal.
Some spheres squared in Fig.3b have pore structure.

The coatings presented a columnar dendritic structure grown by epitaxial solidification on the substrate and inherited the single-crystalline nature and the orientation of the substrate.
This is because in laser cladding solidification starts by epitaxial growth on the substrate and the solidification structure is dendritic [12,13].
The experimental conditions to produce epitaxial NiCrAlY coatings with a single crystalline structure were investigated.
The crystallographic structure of the substrate and the coating was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1997. 47(2-3): p. 154-158