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Online since: September 2012
Authors: Gregory J. Ehlert, Henry A. Sodano, Hai Xiong Tang, Natalie R. Meeks
It has shown that energy storage functionality can be added into the composites with no reduction in the short beam shear strength.
The addition of a thin capacitive film in the center of the composite will dilute the superior properties of the carbon fiber, but this reduction will be minor due to an interleave thickness of less than 3% of the total material thickness.
Additionally, the short beam shear strength will also be measured since this will be very sensitive to reductions caused by the polymer interleaf.
The numerical data, tabulated in Table 2, shows that on average the short beam shear strength is not reduced and is consistent with the manufacturer reported values.
It has been shown that while the breakdown strength remains low due to processing, energy storage functionality can be added with no reduction in the short beam shear or tensile strength of the composite.
The addition of a thin capacitive film in the center of the composite will dilute the superior properties of the carbon fiber, but this reduction will be minor due to an interleave thickness of less than 3% of the total material thickness.
Additionally, the short beam shear strength will also be measured since this will be very sensitive to reductions caused by the polymer interleaf.
The numerical data, tabulated in Table 2, shows that on average the short beam shear strength is not reduced and is consistent with the manufacturer reported values.
It has been shown that while the breakdown strength remains low due to processing, energy storage functionality can be added with no reduction in the short beam shear or tensile strength of the composite.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Vivek Sood, B.M. Suman, Ashok Kumar
Reduction in demolding time from 48 hrs. varies between 6 – 12 hrs.
Since each ton of cement produces 1 ton of CO2 it will help in the reduction of green house gas emission.
From table 6, it is found that U value of the block reduces by 2.5% when cement plaster is used at one side of cement block whereas 5% reduction in U- value is obtained when the plaster was made on both sides of the block.
This is expected as the strength goes with the formation of C-S-H gel reduces the available water in the capillaries and hence reduction in water content is observed.
Conclusion The experimental data obtained from the study and analysed results can be summarised are given below.
Since each ton of cement produces 1 ton of CO2 it will help in the reduction of green house gas emission.
From table 6, it is found that U value of the block reduces by 2.5% when cement plaster is used at one side of cement block whereas 5% reduction in U- value is obtained when the plaster was made on both sides of the block.
This is expected as the strength goes with the formation of C-S-H gel reduces the available water in the capillaries and hence reduction in water content is observed.
Conclusion The experimental data obtained from the study and analysed results can be summarised are given below.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Qing He Gao, Yi Can Wang, Yu Mei Jiang
This was also one of the key factors that caused the reduction of reservoir permeability.
Generally, the viscosity of produced liqiud had a trend of rising and the average viscosity was about 2.7cp owing to the reduction of polymer viscosity by reservoir pore.
As a result of ASP flooding taking effect and the dissolution-sedimentary balance in this system, total production and water content had a certain reduction.
The characteristics in macroscopic are oil-wells scaling and reduction of fluid yield.
This method has many advantages: it is easy to get necessary data and has high maneuverability and accuracy.
Generally, the viscosity of produced liqiud had a trend of rising and the average viscosity was about 2.7cp owing to the reduction of polymer viscosity by reservoir pore.
As a result of ASP flooding taking effect and the dissolution-sedimentary balance in this system, total production and water content had a certain reduction.
The characteristics in macroscopic are oil-wells scaling and reduction of fluid yield.
This method has many advantages: it is easy to get necessary data and has high maneuverability and accuracy.
Online since: May 2007
Authors: Paul Kuentzmann, Tasadduq Khan
It is worth
noting that there has been an immense improvement in noise reduction since the introduction of "jet
airliners" (> 20 dB of EPNdB -Effective Perceived Noise-). 2.
The horrendous increase of oil price since the end of 2004 has made the governments and decision makers conscious of the fact that fossil fuels reserves are depleting and many think tanks are pondering over the future energy resources and alternative energy options.Let us now examine some basic data regarding air transport and the shared objectives during the next fifteen years : The "passenger" consumption can be expressed, for example, in terms of seat-mile/US gallon ; Figure 1 shows that airliner fuel efficiency has increased almost in a linear manner since the introduction of Comet 1 aircraft in 1952 [2].
Such a reduction in pK would require some significant breakthrough in aircraft configuration, aerodynamics, propulsion as well as materials and structures. 1.
Concurrently, research effort for the past 10 years has allowed to understand the various sources of noise and propose noise reduction strategies.
It is also worth mentioning that the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), puts the NOx reduction in cruise speed at its priority list.
The horrendous increase of oil price since the end of 2004 has made the governments and decision makers conscious of the fact that fossil fuels reserves are depleting and many think tanks are pondering over the future energy resources and alternative energy options.Let us now examine some basic data regarding air transport and the shared objectives during the next fifteen years : The "passenger" consumption can be expressed, for example, in terms of seat-mile/US gallon ; Figure 1 shows that airliner fuel efficiency has increased almost in a linear manner since the introduction of Comet 1 aircraft in 1952 [2].
Such a reduction in pK would require some significant breakthrough in aircraft configuration, aerodynamics, propulsion as well as materials and structures. 1.
Concurrently, research effort for the past 10 years has allowed to understand the various sources of noise and propose noise reduction strategies.
It is also worth mentioning that the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), puts the NOx reduction in cruise speed at its priority list.
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Vladimir N. Sanin, V.I. Yukhvid, Dmitrii Andreev, Vladimir A. Gorshkov, M.I. Alymov
The chemical transformation includes the metal reduction from the oxides, the following mutual dissolution of the metal products and formation of coarse drops distributed in the oxide (slag) medium.
There are also some problems connected with close specific weights of the heat-resistant material and slag phase as well as incomplete reduction of TiO2 with aluminum.
The investigation has proved that Hf actively participates in reduction of Nb2O5, so its introduction to the alloys becomes rather difficult and besides it results in Al excess in the composite material.
The data shown in Table 8 prove that iron from the coating penetrates into the whole height of the coating.
Pandey, In-situ synthesis of chromium carbide (Cr3C2) nanopowders by chemical-reduction route, Int.
There are also some problems connected with close specific weights of the heat-resistant material and slag phase as well as incomplete reduction of TiO2 with aluminum.
The investigation has proved that Hf actively participates in reduction of Nb2O5, so its introduction to the alloys becomes rather difficult and besides it results in Al excess in the composite material.
The data shown in Table 8 prove that iron from the coating penetrates into the whole height of the coating.
Pandey, In-situ synthesis of chromium carbide (Cr3C2) nanopowders by chemical-reduction route, Int.
Online since: July 2024
Authors: Taiwo Ebenezer Abioye, Olawale Ibrahim Kolapo, Segun Weyinmi Omejalile, Ayodeji David Olatise, Emmanuel Oluwadunsin Idowu, Buliaminu Kareem
These additional treatments may involve pulverization, heat conditioning in a furnace to reduce carbonaceous and volatile components, chemical treatment, and/or reduction of nanoparticle size.
Recycling agricultural solid waste offers several advantages, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the reduction in reliance on fossil fuels.
In terms of mechanical properties, the composites exhibited enhancements compared to the base matrix, except a minor reduction in impact energy.
Mechanical properties of these composites were evaluated, including tensile strength, tensile modulus, hardness, impact energy, percentage elongation, and percentage reduction in area.
Graphical representations of experimental and ANN predicted data for mechanical and electrical properties of AlSiC composite prepared by stir casting method.
Recycling agricultural solid waste offers several advantages, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the reduction in reliance on fossil fuels.
In terms of mechanical properties, the composites exhibited enhancements compared to the base matrix, except a minor reduction in impact energy.
Mechanical properties of these composites were evaluated, including tensile strength, tensile modulus, hardness, impact energy, percentage elongation, and percentage reduction in area.
Graphical representations of experimental and ANN predicted data for mechanical and electrical properties of AlSiC composite prepared by stir casting method.
Online since: October 2008
Authors: Hui Xiong, Shou Ping Shang, Liang Huang
Simplified Dynamic Finite-Element Analysis for Three-Dimensional
Pile-Grouped-Raft-High-Rise Buildings
*
Hui Xiong, Shou-ping Shang, Liang Huang
Research Institute of Disaster Reduction,College of Civil Engineering, Hunan Univ,
Changsha,Hunan 410082,China
xionghui5320@21cn.com, xionghui5320@163.com
Keywords: pile-soil-structure interaction; three-dimesional FEM; simplified nonlinear pile-soil
interaction; S-R impedance spring-dashpot element; seismic dynamic response
Abstract: Combined with the respective advantages in S-R(Sway-Rocking) impedance concept and
finite-element method, a simplified 3D structural dynamic FEM considering composite
pile-group-soil effects is presented.
The response of structural internal forces will be of the different reduction considering SSI with various input seismic waves and the reduction(20%~40%) with PAK-wave is more than the reduction(10%~30%) with SFD-wave under the combination of pile-soil condition(R0=0.3m, Gs1=12000kPa), but the 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 3.0m 1.5m1.5m 1.5m1.5m 1.5m1.5m 1.5m1.5m 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m 24.0m x 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m ξ ξ ξ ρ h h h ρ ρ V V V 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 3 =85m/s =120m/s =180m/s =10% =8% =8% =1.75Mg/m =5.0m =5.0m =5.0m =1.80Mg/m =2.00Mg/m SFD-Wave s s m/s m/s PAK-Wave 0 5 2 2 10 15 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 0 5 10 15 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 (a) View of model elements (b) Plane of pile-raft-soil elements (c) Excitation input and soil profile properties Fig.2.
Basic parameters of structural members Storey Beams Columns Piles A (m 2) I (m 4) m' (kg/m) A (m 2) I (m 4) m' (kg/m) L (m) R0 (m) m' (kg/m) 1~5 0.24 0.0144 1735 0.36 0.0108 900 15 0.6 1256 6~10 0.21 0.0126 1670 0.25 0.0052 625 11~15 0.18 0.0108 1610 0.16 0.0021 400 (Note: the distribution mass m ' of beams includes the mass of slabs, the thickness of slabs is 100mm) latter reduction in bottom storey is very small.
The maximum increment in roof displacement is about up to 59%(SFD), 18%(PAK), while the maximum reduction in roof acceleration is about up to 30%(SFD), 20%(PAK).
From the computational data as shown in Table.2, the front three period ratio decrease from 1.294s↓1.072s,1.217s↓1.041s,0.735↓0.681s respectively with Gs=4500kPa and R0 from 0.2m↑0.45m.
The response of structural internal forces will be of the different reduction considering SSI with various input seismic waves and the reduction(20%~40%) with PAK-wave is more than the reduction(10%~30%) with SFD-wave under the combination of pile-soil condition(R0=0.3m, Gs1=12000kPa), but the 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 3.0m 1.5m1.5m 1.5m1.5m 1.5m1.5m 1.5m1.5m 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m 24.0m x 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m ξ ξ ξ ρ h h h ρ ρ V V V 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 3 =85m/s =120m/s =180m/s =10% =8% =8% =1.75Mg/m =5.0m =5.0m =5.0m =1.80Mg/m =2.00Mg/m SFD-Wave s s m/s m/s PAK-Wave 0 5 2 2 10 15 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 0 5 10 15 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 (a) View of model elements (b) Plane of pile-raft-soil elements (c) Excitation input and soil profile properties Fig.2.
Basic parameters of structural members Storey Beams Columns Piles A (m 2) I (m 4) m' (kg/m) A (m 2) I (m 4) m' (kg/m) L (m) R0 (m) m' (kg/m) 1~5 0.24 0.0144 1735 0.36 0.0108 900 15 0.6 1256 6~10 0.21 0.0126 1670 0.25 0.0052 625 11~15 0.18 0.0108 1610 0.16 0.0021 400 (Note: the distribution mass m ' of beams includes the mass of slabs, the thickness of slabs is 100mm) latter reduction in bottom storey is very small.
The maximum increment in roof displacement is about up to 59%(SFD), 18%(PAK), while the maximum reduction in roof acceleration is about up to 30%(SFD), 20%(PAK).
From the computational data as shown in Table.2, the front three period ratio decrease from 1.294s↓1.072s,1.217s↓1.041s,0.735↓0.681s respectively with Gs=4500kPa and R0 from 0.2m↑0.45m.
Research on Material Properties and Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Cities with Spread Evolution Model
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Min Xing Xu, Yuan Fan, Wei Xin Lin
Eight heavy metals have been in dimension reduction by means of correlation analysis and principal component analysis, comprehensive variables can be got.
The urban environment quality directly affect the production and living activities, urban residents of urban soil environmental quality abnormal verification, studies the evolution of the urban geological environment under the influence of human activity patterns, has increasingly become the focus of attention. 2 Modeling and solving 2.1 The spatial distribution of metal elements and the evaluation of different area pollution degree Demand out the spatial distribution of eight main heavy metal elements in the urban area and analyze the rationality the degree of heavy metal pollution in different areas of the city zone. 2.1.1 Kringing interpolation In this paper, we need to get the spatial distribution of heavy metal elements in the urban area, considering the spatial variation of observation points and geological variable space characteristics, thus used geostatistics Kriging interpolation method to continuous processing of discrete spatial data[1], terrain map can be obtained.
Finally considering the connection between the clustering coefficient, we improved the grey clustering evaluative to get reasonable soil comprehensive evaluation system. 2.1.3 Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in different regions (1)Each element evaluation standard The comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal pollution was carried on from the urban area 319 sampling points by the previous method. grey class albino data was elected from measured data, because of the complexity of the soil, this paper chosen the reasonable soil environmental quality classification to determine assessment standard[3], the standards were divided into I - V level[4], according to the degree from clean to serious pollution of heavy metals in soil
Table 1 Pollution evaluation analysis results living quarters Light pollution industrial area moderate pollution-severe pollution mountainous area unpolluted basically traffic area light pollution - moderate pollution park green area unpolluted basically Based on sampling data, using the correlation analysis and factor analysis of SPSS software, we set up model to analyze the reasons of heavy metal pollution.
The first four factors which of the population variance reached 80.537% represent the information that the data covered .
The urban environment quality directly affect the production and living activities, urban residents of urban soil environmental quality abnormal verification, studies the evolution of the urban geological environment under the influence of human activity patterns, has increasingly become the focus of attention. 2 Modeling and solving 2.1 The spatial distribution of metal elements and the evaluation of different area pollution degree Demand out the spatial distribution of eight main heavy metal elements in the urban area and analyze the rationality the degree of heavy metal pollution in different areas of the city zone. 2.1.1 Kringing interpolation In this paper, we need to get the spatial distribution of heavy metal elements in the urban area, considering the spatial variation of observation points and geological variable space characteristics, thus used geostatistics Kriging interpolation method to continuous processing of discrete spatial data[1], terrain map can be obtained.
Finally considering the connection between the clustering coefficient, we improved the grey clustering evaluative to get reasonable soil comprehensive evaluation system. 2.1.3 Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in different regions (1)Each element evaluation standard The comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal pollution was carried on from the urban area 319 sampling points by the previous method. grey class albino data was elected from measured data, because of the complexity of the soil, this paper chosen the reasonable soil environmental quality classification to determine assessment standard[3], the standards were divided into I - V level[4], according to the degree from clean to serious pollution of heavy metals in soil
Table 1 Pollution evaluation analysis results living quarters Light pollution industrial area moderate pollution-severe pollution mountainous area unpolluted basically traffic area light pollution - moderate pollution park green area unpolluted basically Based on sampling data, using the correlation analysis and factor analysis of SPSS software, we set up model to analyze the reasons of heavy metal pollution.
The first four factors which of the population variance reached 80.537% represent the information that the data covered .
Online since: May 2010
Authors: Johannes Weickmann, Peter Frederik Brenner, Albert Weckenmann
This paper shows an approach for the reduction of
these shortfalls.
Introduction Fringe projection systems are increasingly used in industry for the inspection of workpieces due to short measurement duration, robustness and laminar data acquisition.
The multiple contradictory requirements to be fulfilled can be grouped in two categories: § technical requirements t: Holistic data acquisition, low measurement uncertainty, overlapping zones of datasets for data fusion, robustness, etc.; § economical requirements e: Short inspection time, minimal inspection costs, minimal number of measurements, low sensor costs, low changeover efforts etc.
Introduction Fringe projection systems are increasingly used in industry for the inspection of workpieces due to short measurement duration, robustness and laminar data acquisition.
The multiple contradictory requirements to be fulfilled can be grouped in two categories: § technical requirements t: Holistic data acquisition, low measurement uncertainty, overlapping zones of datasets for data fusion, robustness, etc.; § economical requirements e: Short inspection time, minimal inspection costs, minimal number of measurements, low sensor costs, low changeover efforts etc.