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Online since: September 2018
Authors: Akeel M. Kadim, Karrar A. Hammoodi, Ghufran S. Salih
., the number of emitted photons per injected electron, differs for QD-LEDs of different color [3, 4].
The average grain size determined from SEM is about 6 nm.
Wherever the grain size (when SEM or AFM) can be achieved from a measured diameter of grain divided by the magnification of grain.
As a result, the number of free charges is much lower than the number of trapped charges and the current shows an exponential correlation to the voltage.
The number and the mobility of electrons will be increased and therefore are success high mobility of electrons towards the QDs layer [15].
The average grain size determined from SEM is about 6 nm.
Wherever the grain size (when SEM or AFM) can be achieved from a measured diameter of grain divided by the magnification of grain.
As a result, the number of free charges is much lower than the number of trapped charges and the current shows an exponential correlation to the voltage.
The number and the mobility of electrons will be increased and therefore are success high mobility of electrons towards the QDs layer [15].
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Xi Peng Xu, Hui Huang, Yuan Li, You Ji Zhan
Material removal during grinding occurs as abrasive grains interact with the workpiece[2].
There are a number of diverse approaches for gathering evidence to identify the mechanisms of abrasive-workpiece interaction [2].
The size of diamond grains were 500–600 µm.
Being the maximum depth of cut taken by a cutting grain, hm is illustrated in Fig. 1 and can be expressed as [2]: (6) where q is the semi-included angle for the undeformed chip cross-section.
Multiplying the plowed area for a single undeformed chip in Fig. 2 by the number of abrasive grains passing through the cutting zone, an expression for the plowed surface area generated per unit time per unit width was obtained as [3,14]: = (9) Plots of Pm (Pm=P/b) for YG8 and YT30 versus corresponding Sl are summarized in Fig. 6.
There are a number of diverse approaches for gathering evidence to identify the mechanisms of abrasive-workpiece interaction [2].
The size of diamond grains were 500–600 µm.
Being the maximum depth of cut taken by a cutting grain, hm is illustrated in Fig. 1 and can be expressed as [2]: (6) where q is the semi-included angle for the undeformed chip cross-section.
Multiplying the plowed area for a single undeformed chip in Fig. 2 by the number of abrasive grains passing through the cutting zone, an expression for the plowed surface area generated per unit time per unit width was obtained as [3,14]: = (9) Plots of Pm (Pm=P/b) for YG8 and YT30 versus corresponding Sl are summarized in Fig. 6.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Louis Etienne Denaud, Yann Landon, John Le Dref, Gilles Dessein, Florent Eyma
Table 1 : Tested tools presentation
Type of tool
Tool diameter(mm)
Hole diameter (mm)
Comments
Tool 1 : Mill
4
4.8
End mill - 3 teeth
Tool 2 : Drill
4.5
4.5
2 teeth
Tool 3 : Reamer
4.8
4.8
6 teeth
Tool 4 : Alternating tooth mill grain cutter
6
6
End mill - 2 teeth
Tool 5 : Reamer
6.35
6.35
6 teeth
Tool 6 : Drill
12
12
2 teeth
Tool 7 : Alternating tooth mill grain cutter
12
12
End mill - 2 teeth
Tool 8 : Alternating tooth mill
6
12.7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Figure 1 : Cutting tools
3.
Table 2 : Tools and associated cutting conditions Tool Vc (m/min) U0 f (mm/tr) min max min max Tool 1 : Mill 100 300 37.3 0,06 0,18 Tool 2 : Drill 70 400 61.5 0.01 0.05 Tool 3 : Reamer 20 100 14.9 0.15 0.35 Tool 4 : Alternating tooth mill grain cutter 90 500 76.4 0.015 0.135 Tool 5 : Reamer 20 150 24.2 0.2 0.5 Tool 6 : Drill 70 800 136.0 0.08 0.18 Tool 7 : Alternating tooth mill grain cutter 70 350 52.2 0.06 0.15 Tool 8 : Alternating tooth mill 100 500 74.5 0,06 0,30 The table 2 shows the cutting conditions tested for each tool.
Although those drills are often used by the industry, this study shows that the mills with external tips (alternating tooth mill grain cutter, tools 4 and 7), when drilling or contouring, are more efficient and offers holes with a better quality.
This type of results may tell that it is possible to pilot the tool life with the help of the quality hole obtained, as well as to monitor the thrust forces measured while drilling to determine the time when the tool has to be changed. 4,50 4,70 4,90 5,10 5,30 5,50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Maximum diameter of defect (mm) Number of holes P002_ph2_wear - T800 case n ° 1 Evolution of the maximum diameter of defect Diamètre mm 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Thrust force (N) Number of holes P002_ph2_wear - T800 case n ° 1 Evolution of the thrust force Effort N Figure 9 : Relation between defect and thrst force (tool 2, Vc=70 et f=0.01) The previous work of P.
Table 2 : Tools and associated cutting conditions Tool Vc (m/min) U0 f (mm/tr) min max min max Tool 1 : Mill 100 300 37.3 0,06 0,18 Tool 2 : Drill 70 400 61.5 0.01 0.05 Tool 3 : Reamer 20 100 14.9 0.15 0.35 Tool 4 : Alternating tooth mill grain cutter 90 500 76.4 0.015 0.135 Tool 5 : Reamer 20 150 24.2 0.2 0.5 Tool 6 : Drill 70 800 136.0 0.08 0.18 Tool 7 : Alternating tooth mill grain cutter 70 350 52.2 0.06 0.15 Tool 8 : Alternating tooth mill 100 500 74.5 0,06 0,30 The table 2 shows the cutting conditions tested for each tool.
Although those drills are often used by the industry, this study shows that the mills with external tips (alternating tooth mill grain cutter, tools 4 and 7), when drilling or contouring, are more efficient and offers holes with a better quality.
This type of results may tell that it is possible to pilot the tool life with the help of the quality hole obtained, as well as to monitor the thrust forces measured while drilling to determine the time when the tool has to be changed. 4,50 4,70 4,90 5,10 5,30 5,50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Maximum diameter of defect (mm) Number of holes P002_ph2_wear - T800 case n ° 1 Evolution of the maximum diameter of defect Diamètre mm 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Thrust force (N) Number of holes P002_ph2_wear - T800 case n ° 1 Evolution of the thrust force Effort N Figure 9 : Relation between defect and thrst force (tool 2, Vc=70 et f=0.01) The previous work of P.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Antoni Planes, Lluís Mañosa, Mehmet Acet
At present, similar behaviour has been reported in a number of Heusler alloys [7,8,9], other intermetallic magnetic materials [10,11,12] and even in magnetic oxides [13].
A number of authors [35,36] have proposed that below but close to the martensitic transition, the state is paramagnetic while others have suggested that martensite is a mixed ferro-antiferromagnetic [32] state or even that it shows some kind of ferrimagnetic [37] order [37].
The fact that much lower strains are reached in polycrystals (at least, two order of magnitude less) is essentially due to internal geometry constraints arising during the twinning of neighbouring grains.
Recently, it has been proposed that these incompatibilities can be overcome by introducing free space between the grains.
In samples with one or more small characteristic dimensions (thin films, nano-pillars etc …) when the grain size is comparable to these characteristic sizes, it has been shown that grains are surrounded by free space which enables reducing the incompatibilities between neighbouring grains [58].
A number of authors [35,36] have proposed that below but close to the martensitic transition, the state is paramagnetic while others have suggested that martensite is a mixed ferro-antiferromagnetic [32] state or even that it shows some kind of ferrimagnetic [37] order [37].
The fact that much lower strains are reached in polycrystals (at least, two order of magnitude less) is essentially due to internal geometry constraints arising during the twinning of neighbouring grains.
Recently, it has been proposed that these incompatibilities can be overcome by introducing free space between the grains.
In samples with one or more small characteristic dimensions (thin films, nano-pillars etc …) when the grain size is comparable to these characteristic sizes, it has been shown that grains are surrounded by free space which enables reducing the incompatibilities between neighbouring grains [58].
Online since: March 2021
Authors: Victor Geantă, Ionelia Voiculescu, Mihai Cosmin Cotrut, Ion Mihai Vasile, Maria-Diana Vrânceanu, Julia Claudia Mirza Rosca
.), metallic Cr pellets (99%), electrolytic Ni grains (99.5%), metallic Co pellets (99.5%) and electrolytic Al 99.5) have been used [15, 16].
For larger magnitude (5000x), it is possible to observe the microstructure feature, with preferentially attack on the grains, while the grain boundary remains unaffected by the corrosion.
It is possible to observe, under the fragmented oxide layer, the grain boundary junction between 3 different grains.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, CCCDI – UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0239/60 PCCDI 2018, “Obtaining and Expertise of New Biocompatible Materials for Medical Applications - MedicalMetMat”, within PNCDI III.
[17] Fazakas, E., Varga, B., Geanta, V., Berecz, T., Jenei, P., Voiculescu, I., Coşniţă, M., Ştefănoiu, R., Microstructure, thermal, and corrosion behavior of the AlAgCuNiSnTi Equiatomic multicomponent alloy, Materials, 12 Issue: 6 (2019) Article Number: 926
For larger magnitude (5000x), it is possible to observe the microstructure feature, with preferentially attack on the grains, while the grain boundary remains unaffected by the corrosion.
It is possible to observe, under the fragmented oxide layer, the grain boundary junction between 3 different grains.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, CCCDI – UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0239/60 PCCDI 2018, “Obtaining and Expertise of New Biocompatible Materials for Medical Applications - MedicalMetMat”, within PNCDI III.
[17] Fazakas, E., Varga, B., Geanta, V., Berecz, T., Jenei, P., Voiculescu, I., Coşniţă, M., Ştefănoiu, R., Microstructure, thermal, and corrosion behavior of the AlAgCuNiSnTi Equiatomic multicomponent alloy, Materials, 12 Issue: 6 (2019) Article Number: 926
Online since: July 2021
Authors: Maksim S. Anosov, Dmitry A. Ryabov, Andrey V. Kiselev, Alexander A. Khlybov, Yury G. Kabaldin
At the output, the predicted number of cycles until destruction N was taken.
An increase in the content of impurities, a decrease in grain size, an increase in the imperfection of the crystal lattice negatively affects the thermal conductivity of metals.
The formation of the main crack occurred in the range of 0.6 ... 0.8 of the total number of cycles to the destruction of Np, after which its further accelerated growth was observed.
(b) on the number of loading cycles (t = + 20°C, σmax = 260 MPa) in the experimental study of steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti The obtained dependence of the length of the main crack (fig. 5, a) shows that as the number of loading cycles of the specimen increases, the rate of crack growth increases (fig. 5, b).
The dependences of the size of the crack and its growth rate on the number of loading cycles of the sample for steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti, obtained as a result of neural network modeling (t = -100°C), are shown in fig. 6.
An increase in the content of impurities, a decrease in grain size, an increase in the imperfection of the crystal lattice negatively affects the thermal conductivity of metals.
The formation of the main crack occurred in the range of 0.6 ... 0.8 of the total number of cycles to the destruction of Np, after which its further accelerated growth was observed.
(b) on the number of loading cycles (t = + 20°C, σmax = 260 MPa) in the experimental study of steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti The obtained dependence of the length of the main crack (fig. 5, a) shows that as the number of loading cycles of the specimen increases, the rate of crack growth increases (fig. 5, b).
The dependences of the size of the crack and its growth rate on the number of loading cycles of the sample for steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti, obtained as a result of neural network modeling (t = -100°C), are shown in fig. 6.
Online since: November 2022
Authors: T.R. Vijayaram, M. Muthumalai, K. Arunprasath, S. Kavitha
Raise in thermal conductivity cause by increase in number of fine secondary phase particles precipitating with time.
As a result, the distribution of grains, grain boundaries, lattice distortion, and further structural faults in metals have a direct impact on the scattering of electrons in metals.
Electron scattering is an important factor in controlling heat transport at low temperatures, as it has a direct link to the microstructure, such as grain boundaries and imperfections and faults in the structure.
AA 7115 thermal conductivity would decrease as a result of grain deformation and recrystallization, which increases grain boundaries and increases electronic scattering.
As a result, the distribution of grains, grain boundaries, lattice distortion, and further structural faults in metals have a direct impact on the scattering of electrons in metals.
Electron scattering is an important factor in controlling heat transport at low temperatures, as it has a direct link to the microstructure, such as grain boundaries and imperfections and faults in the structure.
AA 7115 thermal conductivity would decrease as a result of grain deformation and recrystallization, which increases grain boundaries and increases electronic scattering.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Wen Chuan Yang, He Chen, Qing Yi Qu
MapReduce is a popular and widely used fine grain parallel runtime, which is developed for high performance processing of large scale dataset.
For simplicity, we shall focus on the basic elements, such as license plate number and camera position ID which are always present and are of fixed width.Data files are organized by date center number and date.
Any car (plate number, in fact) appears in place more than this number, it could be a speeding car or speeding car.
So we use the License Plate number as key, and try to find the car with the same License Plate number appear in more than 10 times within 5 minutes.
Each license plate number with a list of all its shooting times.
For simplicity, we shall focus on the basic elements, such as license plate number and camera position ID which are always present and are of fixed width.Data files are organized by date center number and date.
Any car (plate number, in fact) appears in place more than this number, it could be a speeding car or speeding car.
So we use the License Plate number as key, and try to find the car with the same License Plate number appear in more than 10 times within 5 minutes.
Each license plate number with a list of all its shooting times.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Jun Ding, Hong Yang, Chun Feng Wang, Jian Chen, Cheng Xiu Liu, Jin Hui Chen, Jian Hui Wu
Suitability Index was verified by the number of Chinese sturgeon from tidal nets monitor and water quality and biological data nearby the monitoring station in Chongming Dongtan of the Yangtze River Estuary from the year of 2004 to 2010.
The study results demonstrated that habitat areas of excellent, good, fair and poor, and habitat suitability index was better than synthetic index method on landscape grain.
It seems that HSI values and the number of juvenile sturgeon had a parallel relation-ship (Pearson Correlation=0.814, Sig.(2-tailed)=0.026, N=7).Linear regression equation is:y =99.527x-21.988,Significance is:R2=0.6631.Figure 6 shows that the number of juvenile sturgeon from tidal nets monitor could be able to increase as the HSI values increased.
Fig.6 Relation-ship of HSI values and the number of juvenile sturgeon from tidal nets monitor each relevant year.
For Chinese sturgeon protecting speed, management performance and cost, HSI is more advantageous than Synthetic Index beside better differentiation degree and landscape grain.
The study results demonstrated that habitat areas of excellent, good, fair and poor, and habitat suitability index was better than synthetic index method on landscape grain.
It seems that HSI values and the number of juvenile sturgeon had a parallel relation-ship (Pearson Correlation=0.814, Sig.(2-tailed)=0.026, N=7).Linear regression equation is:y =99.527x-21.988,Significance is:R2=0.6631.Figure 6 shows that the number of juvenile sturgeon from tidal nets monitor could be able to increase as the HSI values increased.
Fig.6 Relation-ship of HSI values and the number of juvenile sturgeon from tidal nets monitor each relevant year.
For Chinese sturgeon protecting speed, management performance and cost, HSI is more advantageous than Synthetic Index beside better differentiation degree and landscape grain.
Online since: October 2023
Authors: M. Jothibas, T. Meganathan, P. Arivazhagan, P. Arunkumar, B. Arunkumar
As a result of the symmetry-breaking actions of the metal ion dopant at the boundary, it significantly restricts grain formation, leads to lower crystallite size.
The grain size was reduced in the 10 at.% of In-doped ZrO2 thin film, and the earlier author, M.
Alpha et al., found that as the grain boundaries increased in the thin film, the film thickness dropped when the thin film doping concentration was raised [16].
The thin films' sharp absorption edge has a restricted grain size distribution and a decreased number of defects.
As seen from Fig.11a,bthe histogram plot of In-doped ZrO2 signifies a 19nm ranging average number of particles with a 7.99 standard deviation.
The grain size was reduced in the 10 at.% of In-doped ZrO2 thin film, and the earlier author, M.
Alpha et al., found that as the grain boundaries increased in the thin film, the film thickness dropped when the thin film doping concentration was raised [16].
The thin films' sharp absorption edge has a restricted grain size distribution and a decreased number of defects.
As seen from Fig.11a,bthe histogram plot of In-doped ZrO2 signifies a 19nm ranging average number of particles with a 7.99 standard deviation.