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(1) When main stress of average stress exceeds tensile intensity of material, the element will crack
It is because of the mechanical property of concrete material.
When the element stress reaches material tensile strength, the crack begins to extend.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1999, 46: 131-150
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2000, 48:1549-1570

Introduction Composite materials have the characteristics of high modulus/weight and strength/weight ratios, excellent fatigue properties, and noncorroding behavior.
These advantages encourage the extensive application of composite materials, for example, in sports and aerospace.
In addition, the complex mechanical behavior of composite materials makes their design problem more difficulty.
Mishing, in: Diffusion Processes in Advanced Technological Materials, edtied by D.
Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003) [36] I.K.

According to the introduction, every substance can emit far infrared rays, such as the far-infrared emission rate of cotton fabrics, room temperature about 75%, the definition of far infrared material of the textile industry refers to the material during the treatment, the far-infrared emissivity of the material itself increased about 8%can be called far infrared materials [4].
Such far-infrared health textile reach the health effects on the human body because of raw materials is the far-infrared materials.
Journal of knitting industry.
Journal of knitting industry.
Vol. 3(2001 ), p.15-16 [3]Weidong Shao.Journal of Textile Science Technology Progress.Vol.2(2005), p.102 [4]Information on http://arch.pconline.com.cn/digital/textile/video/ 96995.htm [5] Ping Zhang, Journal of Xi'an University of Engineering Vol.1 (2010), p.13-15 [6] Jiaxiang Zhao, Journal of Textile Technology Vol.9 (1997), p.545 [7] Jiemo Tian.

The study of nanohybrid particles can provide fundamental insights for new functional materials such as photonic catalyst, high performance electronic materials and so on.
It has been well recognized that the properties of hybrid materials might show different values from those of constituent pure materials [9].
Restrepo, Study of the band gap of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using sol-gel method and a hydrothermal treatment, The Open Material Science Journals 4 (2010) 9-14
[11] Xiangting Dong, Jinxian Wang, Xiuli Feng, Fabrication and Characterization of Nanometer-sized AgCl/PMMA Hybrid Materials, Modern Applied Science 2 (2008) 49-54
Advanced Materials Research 364 (2012) 105-109

The creep crack problem in damaged materials under mixed mode loading under creep-damage coupled formulation is considered.
Nowadays the analysis of mixed-mode loading of cracked structures in nonlinear materials is of particular interest.
Integration of Mechanics, Materials Science and Chemistry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014
International Journal of Fatigue. 62 (2014) 93 – 103
Sadowski, Failure and Damage Analyses of Advanced Materials, Springer, Berlin, 2015.

The tested materials always had the same cement content of 10 wt. % of the total weight of the raw materials.
The quantity of the raw materials was calculated in the dry state of the feedstock.
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6(3) (2012) 153–161
Academic Journals 2(9) (2007) 372–379
Construction and Building Materials 25(3) (2011) 167–1171.

However, it seems to be difficult to obtain well-dispersed inorganic–organic nanocomposites owing to the strong tendency of aggregation among inorganic nanoparticles, which may serve to depress properties of nanocomposites materials.
Experimental Materials.
Silica nanoparticles (HL-200, around 30 nm average diameter) were purchased from Jilin Shuangji Chemical Material Co.
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful for the financial support from Science and Technology Development Funds of Department of Science and Technology in Jilin Province (No: 201115144).
Vane 2007 Journal of Membrane Science 298 117 [2] Fubing Peng, Zhongyi Jiang , Changlai Hu, Yanqiang Wang, Haiquan Xu and Jiaqi Liu 2006 Journal of Membrane Science 48 229 [3] Dorota Panek and Krystyna Konieczny 2007 Journal of Membrane Science 57 507 [4] Ben Li, Dan Xu, Zhongyi Jiang, Xiongfei Zhang, Wanpeng Liu and Xiao Dong 2008 Journal of Membrane Science 322 293 [5] Pyun J and Matyjaszewski K 2001 Chem Mater 13 36 [6] Vonwerne T and Paatten EP 2001 J Am Chem Soc 123 497

Materials and Research Methods Experimental Material and Samples.
Qu, et al.: Material Science and Engineering A Vol. 494 (2008), p. 166-172
Kong: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 209 (2009), p. 1843-1852
Jawaid: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 166 (2005), p. 188-192
Wang: Fatigue of materials, (National Defense Industry Press, Beijing, 1998), in Chinese

PANI nanofibers had the great potential to be used in electromagnetic shielding materials.
Kumar: Journal of Membrane Science Vol. 327 (2009), p. 188 [2] M.
Zhang: Materials Letters Vol. 61 (2007), p. 1419 [13] X.
Deng: Materials Letters Vol. 62 (2008), p. 1831 [15] L.
He: Materials Science and Engineering B Vol. 122 (2005), p. 76 [20] M.

Materials and Methods Experimental Design.
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2011, 11(1): 82–92
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 177(1–3): 384–389
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 1691-15
Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2011, 20(4):691-695.