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It not only has sensing function, but also actuating property, which is very suitable for application in civil engineering fields, such as high-rise buildings, long-span bridges and some buildings whose failure would cause disasters, including nuclear waster containment structures, dams, and bridge decks [1-3].
PMNT with 33 mol % PbTiO3 is near its morphotrophic phase boundary (MPB) region (0.67PMN-0.33PT) [11], and the dielectric and piezoelectric properties are maximized because of the enhancement of polarizability between the energy states of rhombohedral and tetragonal structures [12].
Cement Chemistry. 2nd ed.

However, a serious problem is their insolubility or poor solubility in organic solvents or aqueous media which makes it difficult to explore and understand their chemistry at the molecular level and to use them in device applications.
Compared with non-covalent functionalization, covalent functionalization is disadvantageous because it damage sp2-hybridized structures and the electronic property of MWCNTs [10].
Klein, Local interconversions between graphite and diamond structures, Carbon 35(1997) 247–251

Though Trichoderma metabolites have been studied for decades, but since Trichoderma produce many kinds of antifungal metabolites, those products structure are complex and separation is difficult, so the research and development of its metabolic products is slow.
Harzianum by Mourad Daoubi , two new pyrone antibiotics were obtained through analyzing structure[15].
[12] Collins R P, Halim A F: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Vol. 20 (1972), p. 437-438

The crystalline structure of obtained ZnO films was analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) (D/MAX-RB, CuKα).
Fig. 2(c) is taken from the cross-section of sample B, which indicates the films have very dense columnar structure and the thickness of ZnO films are ~360nm that agrees with the thickness measured by means of quartz vibrate frequency.
Vol.95 (2004) , p.5882 [10] Cao HT, Peia ZL, Gonga J, Suna C, Huanga RF, Wena LS. : Journal of Solid State Chemistry Vol.177 (2004), p. 1480 [11] Perkins CL, Lee SH, Li XN, Asher SE, Coutts TJ. : J Appl Phys Vol.97 (2005), p. 034907

Aggregates characterization has not been standardized and various instrument readings affected by particle structure further obscure the assessment of specific processes on aggregation.
At the smallest scale, the primary nanoparticles of fumed silica tend to arrange in chain-like structures that can achieve sizes of several hundreds of nanometers.
[3] Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th edition, Cambridge, New York (1993)

The surface morphology of the films deposited at room temperature showed no grain structure whereas the films exhibited grain structure with the increase of substrate temperature (Fig.3).
Vol. 90 (2007), p. 102101 [10] Jia-Hong Huang, Chi-Hsin Hoa and Ge-Ping Yu, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol.102 (2007), p. 31 [11] C.M.

It is established that the apatite precipitation mechanism onto bioglass starts with the migration of Ca2+ from the bulk amorphous structure to the surface, followed by the incorporation of PO43- ions from the aqueous medium [7].
Elliot, Structure and Chemistry of the Apatites and Other Calcium Orthophosphates, Elsevier, London 1994.

Preparation of Antibacterial Silver-Doped Silica Glass Microspheres by Sol-Gel Method Masakazu Kawashita1 , Shogo Toda 1 , Tadashi Kokubo1 , Noriaki Masuda2 1 Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan kawashita@sung7.kuic.kyoto-u.ac.jp 2 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Shiga 520-8639, Japan Keywords: silver, silica glass, microsphere, antibacterial property, sol-gel method Abstract.
The structure and properties of the resultant products were examined.
The structures of the obtained products were characterized by a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared diffusive reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Keywords: Titanium, Bioactive, Long bone defect, Clinical Abstract.
It is difficult to prepare a bioactive surface by the conventional hydroxyapatite plasma spray technique for the inner surface of an implant such as cage or meticulous structure [6].
Solutions able to reproduce in vivo surface-structure changes in bioactive glass-ceramic A-W.

Compared with nanoparticles, photocatalysts with film structure could be a good candidate for the practical application because it is convenient to use and easy to recycle.
In this work, TiO2 film with nano-sheet structure was prepared by a hydrothermal method, and Au NPs were successfully deposited on the surface of TiO2 nano-sheet film (Au/TiO2 NSF) under microwave-assisted chemical reduction.
Linic: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114 (2010), No.19, p.9173