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Research of Technological Factors on Producing Oxygen-free Copper Strip in Horizontal Continuous Casting Zuli Sun1, a, Mingen Guo2,b , Yuchen Guo3,c 1 Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Biology, Yantai University, Yantai, China 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China 3 School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China a sunzuli98@163.com, b guo_ming_en@163.com, c 790141029@qq.com Keywords: Horizontal continuous casting.
The results show that micro-structure of castings was improved and the densities of the strip billets are enhanced.
- ture (℃) Pressure (MPa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1180 1240 1280 1180 1240 1280 1180 1240 1280 1180 1240 1280 1180 1240 1280 1180 1240 1280 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.6 7.6 7.6 0.25 0.08 0.16 0.16 0.25 0.08 0.08 0.16 0.25 0.08 0.16 0.25 0.25 0.08 0.16 0.16 0.25 0.08 0.20 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.25 0.50 0.35 0.70 0.50 0.35 0.70 0.35 0.70 0.50 0.70 0.50 0.35 0.70 0.50 0.35 0.35 0.70 0.50 18 25 30 30 18 25 30 18 25 18 25 30 25 30 18 25 30 18 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.4 8.83 8.90 8.79 8.85 8.78 8.81 8.85 8.88 8.91 8.83 8.92 8.83 8.90 8.89 8.93 8.89 8.87 8.92 8.82 8.89 8.78 8.86 8.79 8.80 8.84 8.87 8.91 8.84 8.92 8.82 8.91 8.89 8.92 8.89 8.86 8.92 Networks modeling Structure
Through experiments, the structure of the networks was established, which has shown in Fig.1.
(2) The output of neuron j can be calculated by Eq.3: (3) Fig.1 Structure model of Neural Networks Network research.

Zhu 1 1 Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and micro-Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the composition and bonding structures, while field-emission scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructure of the films.
So far, field emission measurements from quasi-aligned SiCN nanorods and two-layered structured SiCN films demonstrated a low turn-on field and high emission current, presumably due to their sharp geometric feactures or sp2 CN bonds which gave large field enhancement [7,8].
XPS results described above suggested that the SiCN films prepared at different N2 flow rate are atomic-level hybrids composed of Si, C and N atoms and the bonding structure of the films can be manipulated through varying N2 flow rate.
Fig. 4 The characteristics of the emission current density vs. applied field for the films The fact that the influence of nitrogen flow rate on the emission properties of the films could be contributed to the variation in composition/structure of the materials.

It can be observed that with the increased sintering time, it were changed the structure and ferroelectric behavior of the PLZT ceramics.
These compound crystallize in the ABO3 perovskite structure type, where the A and B sites are occupied by Pb2+ and (Zr4+, Ti4+) ions, respectively [2].
Many wet chemistry based routes were also developed to prepare ultra-fine powders for PLZT ceramics, which include chemical co-precipitation, sol-gel process and hydrothermal reaction [3,8-9].
The structures of tetragonal PLZT 8/40/60 ceramics was realated with the electrical properties such as dielectric constant and ferroelectric from hysteresis loop.
It can be concluded that a lattice parameter (a and c) existed in PLZT (8/40/60) system, the tetragonality (c/a) increased with the soaking time increasing and associated with the structure and electrical properties Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), Commission on Higher Education (CHE) and Chiang Mai University.

Details of examined structures.
Structures were deposited on n-type (0001) 4H-SiC wafers.
The wafer for structures “A” and “C” had 4° misorientation angle and the epitaxial structure: a 0.5 µm thick layer without intentional doping followed by a 5 µm thick layer with the dopant concentration 1019 cm-3, while for structure “B” the wafer was without misorientation or any epitaxial structure.
Compositional images obtained by montaging XEDS Ni/Si maps. a) structure “B”, T2 = 1050 °C, b) structure “C”, T2 = 1000 °C, c) structure “A”, T2 = 1000 °C.
Predel, Ni-Si (Nickel-Silicon), in: Landolt-Börnstein – Group IV Physical Chemistry 5I, 1998, pp. 1-5.

Preparation of PVC/Kaolin Nanocomposites through Solid State Shear Compounding Based on Pan-milling Kanshe Li1, 2, Yinghong Chen2, Hongmei Niu1，Jianjun Chen1 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710054, China; 2 The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (Sichuan University), Chengdu, 610065, China Corresponding-likanshe@xust.edu.cn Key words: polyvinyl chloride (PVC); Kaolin; nanocomposites；Solid State Shear Compounding (S3C); pan-milling Abstract: Solid state shear compounding technology (S3C) based on pan-milling is an effective method to prepare polymer/layered mineral composites with nano intercalating structure.
The PVC/Kaolin compounding powders were successfully prepared by pan-milling at ambient temperature, and then the PVC/Kaolin nanocomposites were processed by moulding The structure and properties of PVC/Kaolin compounding powder and nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and mechanical tests.
The structures and properties of the formed composites were investigated by XRD, SEM,TEM and mechanical tests, which indicated that Strengthening and toughening for PVC were synchronously realized.
Because of the large difference in the electron density between Kaolin and PVC, no selective staining was required to observe the internal structure.

Preparation and Properties of Form-Stable Phase Change Materials Polyacrylonitrile Fiber/Stearic Acid Blends Jing Guo1, a, Hengxue Xiang1, b, Qianqian Wang1, c 1School of Chemistry & Material, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P.R.
The structure, crystalline morphology, and thermal insulation properties of the PAN/SA PCMs are investigated using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope (FTIR), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and temperature-recording instrument.
As a result of especial molecular structure, PAN could not be depolymerization, hot forming and used for fuel, extremely detrimental to the environment.
There is a cyanogroup, existing in the molecular structure of PAN fibers; moreover, cyanogroup can be converted in acid or alkali solution.
From figures, it could be seen that at room temperature, both pure SA and PAN/SA show obvious crystalline cross-extinction patterns which suggested that their crystal structures are spherulites.

Gibson 1,2,c 1 Department of Chemistry, Meston Walk, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK 2 School of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK a j.a.stephen@abdn.ac.uk, bj.skakle@abdn.ac.uk, ci.r.gibson@abdn.ac.uk Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, carbonate, co-substitution, sodium, X-ray diffraction Abstract.
The aim of this study was to find a reliable method to produce sodium co-substituted and sodium-free CHA compositions that would have the same level of carbonate substitution, and to characterise the effects of the two different substitutions on the structure of the CHA samples.
The aim of this work was to compare the effects of different synthesis routes, based on the mechanisms described above, on the carbonate content and the HA structure using a fixed level of carbonate substitution on the phosphate site within the syntheses.
Changes in the CHA structure were assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer; unit cells were determined using CELREF software.
Even for compositions containing the same level of carbonate substitution (CHA1 and NaHCO3-HA1), the presence or absence of sodium ions as a co-substituted cation affects the crystal structure.

Synthesis of silica-core/polymer-shell microcapsule via double in situ miniemulsion polymerization Jianjun Yanga, Wenlong Yang b, Qingyun Wuc,Jianan Zhangd and Mingyuan Wue School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Anhui University & the Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China a andayjj@163.com, b 15955151307@139.com, c wuqingyun1978@yahoo.com.cn, d jianan@mail.ustc.edu.cn, e wumy2003@sina.com Keywords: Microcapsule, core-shell, Waterborne polyurethane, In situ, Miniemulsion polymerization, Reactive surfactant.
The results indicated that the morphologies of SiO2/polymer composites initiated by AIBN with waterborne polyurethane as surfactant, which showed “core-shell” microcapsulated structure with SiO2 microsphere fabricated inside the shells of polymer, were different from the products prepared by conventional surfactant.
Therefore, waterborne polyurethane used as surfactant has the virtues of better designability of molecule structure, no residual after polymerization, and not affect and even improve the properties of product, which could exhibit particular applications, ranging from emulsion, microemulsion to miniemulsion polymerization.
SiO2/PMMA (I) of obvious “core-shell” microencapsulated structure with average diameter of 400~600nm, which presented in Figure 1(a) and (b), was assembly with AIBN as oil-soluble initiator at 70˚C.
Moreover, the remaining 14.7wt% undecomposed products (Figure 2(a)) consisting with theoretic calculated value, together with atom ratio of Si/O equaling to 1/2 approximately (Figure 1(g)), which was obtained by EDS analyzing of a sphere shown in Figure 1(b), further confirmed the microencapsulated structure of silica-core/polymer-shell.

Two eutectic structures, Y4Ni6Al23 and a-Al eutectic and Al3Ni and a-Al eutectic, can be found when the dropping rate is higher than 10 mm/min.
Y-Ni-Al ternary system presents an excellent combinations of the properties such as low-density, high heat and corrosion resistance [11], fine grained structures [12], high glass-forming ability [13] and high strength, which justify the growing attention being given to this system.
Two eutectic structures were observed, in which one similar to the divorced eutectics is that of a-Al and Y4Ni6Al23 phase and the other is the regular eutectics of a-Al and Al3Ni phase.
Two eutectic structures, i.e., the divorced eutectics of a-Al and Y4Ni6Al23 phase and the regular eutectics of a-Al and A13Ni phase, can be observed obviously in the directionally solidified Al-Ni-Y alloy when the dropping rates is higher than 10 mm/min.
Eyring (Eds.), Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of the Rare Earths, vol. 24. 1997, p. 83

The structure of SMAEN was determined by FTIR spectrum.
Its structure was determined by FTIR spectrum.
Results and Discussion Structure of the chelating starch.
[3] Zhang S.Y., Li Z.F., Zhou M., "Copper Removal From Water With Insolubale Starch Xanthate", Environmental Chemistry, Vol.1, No.8, 1989, pp.47-51