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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Nopbhorn Leeprechanon, Prakornchai Phonrattanasak, Hugh Vanijprabha
In Canada, the City of Toronto has also implemented vital policies to commit on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) and smog emissions, adoption of renewable generation and electrified transportation, and the development of smart grid, as indicated in “The Power to Live Green”, Toronto’s sustainable energy strategy [2].
The expected benefits of the implementation of the smart grid in Korea is green gas reduction, job creation, domestic demand creation, energy import reduction, power plant avoidance and smart grid technology export hike.
While many technologies, wired or wireless, data and statistics acquisition will allow for supply/demand predictive mechanism or a real-time performance monitoring system as examples.
While ICT will help accelerate the grid intelligence, data privacy and cyber-security remains a challenge.
As climate change initiative has become priority of global agenda, Thailand’s quantifiable contribution towards CO2 emission reduction has to be harmonized with other global strategies/initiatives by capitalizing fundamentally on national resources while minimizing human risks and balancing food and energy security (ii) Energy Efficiency.
The expected benefits of the implementation of the smart grid in Korea is green gas reduction, job creation, domestic demand creation, energy import reduction, power plant avoidance and smart grid technology export hike.
While many technologies, wired or wireless, data and statistics acquisition will allow for supply/demand predictive mechanism or a real-time performance monitoring system as examples.
While ICT will help accelerate the grid intelligence, data privacy and cyber-security remains a challenge.
As climate change initiative has become priority of global agenda, Thailand’s quantifiable contribution towards CO2 emission reduction has to be harmonized with other global strategies/initiatives by capitalizing fundamentally on national resources while minimizing human risks and balancing food and energy security (ii) Energy Efficiency.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Li Liu, Ji Qu Han
Secondly, all data can be stored in the two pieces of storage which store the vriable node unit (VNU) and the check node unit (CNU) data, thus greatly reduced the hardware’s area.
Fig.2 The whole hardware structure of decoder Data buffer module receive the data decoding and devide it into 24 groups that depth is 96.
This process uses the classic ping-pang operation, so it can receive data at the same time in decoding, as a result it reduce the initialization of data preparation time.
There is a point that the data selection of VNUS and CNUS.
In order to prevent the data spill, it should add one bit as the result of hard decision.
Fig.2 The whole hardware structure of decoder Data buffer module receive the data decoding and devide it into 24 groups that depth is 96.
This process uses the classic ping-pang operation, so it can receive data at the same time in decoding, as a result it reduce the initialization of data preparation time.
There is a point that the data selection of VNUS and CNUS.
In order to prevent the data spill, it should add one bit as the result of hard decision.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Akira Todoroki, Atsushi Iwasaki, K. Yuguchi, Yoshinobu Shimamura
The difference between the normal data and present data will be judged by the
difference of the correlation among the output of the sensors equipped.
The normal response surface (NRS) will be obtained from data acquired in intact state, and the detection response surface (DRS) will be obtained from data acquired in present state.
Subscript 0 means the response surface with all data.
Data is acquired 3 seconds at each excitation conditions after completing the transient response.
The NRS and the DRS are derived using the 50 of data sets arbitrary extracted from each data group.
The normal response surface (NRS) will be obtained from data acquired in intact state, and the detection response surface (DRS) will be obtained from data acquired in present state.
Subscript 0 means the response surface with all data.
Data is acquired 3 seconds at each excitation conditions after completing the transient response.
The NRS and the DRS are derived using the 50 of data sets arbitrary extracted from each data group.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Cheng Yang, Yi Xiong Yang, Wen Nan Qi
With the structural adjustment and industry transformation of the domestic apparel enterprises, as well as the rise of fast fashion, apparel manufacturing cycle time reduction and on time delivery rate have become performance indicators for brand enterprises to choose apparel vendors.
It is the key point of raising the economic efficiency of apparel vendors to replace the idea of local, cost and experience with system, throughput and logic [3], so as to realize the manufacturing cycle time reduction, on-time-delivery rate rise and cash flow turnover increase.
It is found in the spot survey and data analysis that the administrators in factory Z make the production schedule and batch feeding plan mainly according to their experiences, ignoring the key constraints of throughput.
It is the key point of raising the economic efficiency of apparel vendors to replace the idea of local, cost and experience with system, throughput and logic [3], so as to realize the manufacturing cycle time reduction, on-time-delivery rate rise and cash flow turnover increase.
It is found in the spot survey and data analysis that the administrators in factory Z make the production schedule and batch feeding plan mainly according to their experiences, ignoring the key constraints of throughput.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Pei Yuan He, Li Guo Zhang
Analytical modeling and numerical simulations on the scaling of biomicrofluidic droplets
Peiyuan He1,*, Liguo Zhang2
1School of life science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R.China
Email: hepeiyuan@live.com
2 Henan research institute of pharmaceutical science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R.China
Keywords: Analytical simulation, data analysis, numerical modeling, intelligent control, scaling
Abstract
Biomicrofluidic silhouettes brought about scientific challenges merited to be investigated through explicit florescence observation, implicit physical-chemical analysis and intermediate conductive level manipulation.
This experimental observations can be logically explained: for the increase of Qc, the central viscous force became stronger, which took effects to give more time for the droplet formation, permitting to enlarge droplet size; however, the augmentation of Ql led to enforce the lateral shear stress on the central flow, allowing for the reduction of droplet sizes.
This experimental observations can be logically explained: for the increase of Qc, the central viscous force became stronger, which took effects to give more time for the droplet formation, permitting to enlarge droplet size; however, the augmentation of Ql led to enforce the lateral shear stress on the central flow, allowing for the reduction of droplet sizes.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Yang Ju, Kai Pei Tian, Jin Hui Liu, Hong Bin Liu, Jiang Tao Zheng, Li Wang, Qin Gang Zhang
And the variation rule of numerical results shows very good agreement with the experimental data.
The phenomenon of strength reduction and explosive spalling are commonly observed in high strength concrete (HSC) and high performance concrete (HPC) subjected to high temperature [4-6], which severely threatens the safety and durability of concrete structures.
In order to make the calculation results agree with the experimental data, the same heating curve (see Fig. 1) was used in the calculation and test in this paper.
The tensile stress reaches to the maximum in the center of model. 3) The numerical results and experimental data of temperature field have the same variation rules.
The phenomenon of strength reduction and explosive spalling are commonly observed in high strength concrete (HSC) and high performance concrete (HPC) subjected to high temperature [4-6], which severely threatens the safety and durability of concrete structures.
In order to make the calculation results agree with the experimental data, the same heating curve (see Fig. 1) was used in the calculation and test in this paper.
The tensile stress reaches to the maximum in the center of model. 3) The numerical results and experimental data of temperature field have the same variation rules.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Ping Quan Wang, Yang Bai, Gang Peng, Zhi Wei Qian
In the high temperature conditions, if the drilling fluid does not have a good performance of anti-temperature, there will exist the deterioration of rheological system such as viscosity thickening or reduction or even solidification with the loss of rheology, etc., damaging the thermal stability of the system, and seriously influencing on drilling operations .
As is shown in Table 1, the sticking, cutting and amount of fluid loss of the optimized three drilling fluid systems with high-temperature high-density resistance and saturated brine at high temperatures with time, rarely change, the same with the performance after being rolled for 16 hours consistently, which fully demonstrates that all three systems have good thermal stability (rheology, wall capacity). 2.Evaluation of anti-pollution During drilling deep formations, it is of frequency for drilling gypsum layer, saline aquifers, the cement plug, leading to salt or calcium of drilling fluid, and resulting in reduction of drilling mud cake density and increases of permeability.
Table 3 Results of rolling recovery ratio experiment Drilling fluid formulation Experimental conditions Recovery quality (g) recovery ratio (%) Distilled water +50g debris 180℃×16h 14.98 30.0 A+50g debris 180℃×16h 49.8 99.6 Distilled water +50g debris 200℃×16h 10.76 20.38 B+50g debris 200℃×16h 49.0 98.0 Distilled water +50g debris 220℃×16h 9.36 18.76 C+50g debris 220℃×16h 48.64 97.28 Note: 1, The debris refers to Sichuan red dust, cuttings is from 6 to 10 mesh, the recovery rate is the same with that of 40 mesh shale; 2, In Table 4 the results are the mean value of four experimental data.
(2) Linear expansion experiment From the experimental data in Table 4, 2 hours later, the linear expansion rate of distilled water is 12.7 times of system A , 11.5 times of system B, and 10.7 times of system C; 16 hours later, the linear expansion rate of distilled water is 17.1 times of system A , 14.8 times of system B, and 14.1 times of system C.
The reasons lie in: (1) lubricants are easy to have high-temperature cross-linking reaction with other processing agents, such as forming insoluble salts through the interaction with high cation Ca2+, Mg2+, leading to lubricant's emulsion breaking and being "inactive" with reduction of the lubrication performance ; (2) Under high temperature lubricant degrades, which results in the function loss of lubricant partially or totally; (3) Under high temperature lubricant circulates constantly, leading to the constant evaporation, so that the available parts of drilling fluid lubricant gain reduction.
As is shown in Table 1, the sticking, cutting and amount of fluid loss of the optimized three drilling fluid systems with high-temperature high-density resistance and saturated brine at high temperatures with time, rarely change, the same with the performance after being rolled for 16 hours consistently, which fully demonstrates that all three systems have good thermal stability (rheology, wall capacity). 2.Evaluation of anti-pollution During drilling deep formations, it is of frequency for drilling gypsum layer, saline aquifers, the cement plug, leading to salt or calcium of drilling fluid, and resulting in reduction of drilling mud cake density and increases of permeability.
Table 3 Results of rolling recovery ratio experiment Drilling fluid formulation Experimental conditions Recovery quality (g) recovery ratio (%) Distilled water +50g debris 180℃×16h 14.98 30.0 A+50g debris 180℃×16h 49.8 99.6 Distilled water +50g debris 200℃×16h 10.76 20.38 B+50g debris 200℃×16h 49.0 98.0 Distilled water +50g debris 220℃×16h 9.36 18.76 C+50g debris 220℃×16h 48.64 97.28 Note: 1, The debris refers to Sichuan red dust, cuttings is from 6 to 10 mesh, the recovery rate is the same with that of 40 mesh shale; 2, In Table 4 the results are the mean value of four experimental data.
(2) Linear expansion experiment From the experimental data in Table 4, 2 hours later, the linear expansion rate of distilled water is 12.7 times of system A , 11.5 times of system B, and 10.7 times of system C; 16 hours later, the linear expansion rate of distilled water is 17.1 times of system A , 14.8 times of system B, and 14.1 times of system C.
The reasons lie in: (1) lubricants are easy to have high-temperature cross-linking reaction with other processing agents, such as forming insoluble salts through the interaction with high cation Ca2+, Mg2+, leading to lubricant's emulsion breaking and being "inactive" with reduction of the lubrication performance ; (2) Under high temperature lubricant degrades, which results in the function loss of lubricant partially or totally; (3) Under high temperature lubricant circulates constantly, leading to the constant evaporation, so that the available parts of drilling fluid lubricant gain reduction.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Muralidharan Paramsothy, Tirumalai S. Srivatsan, Manoj Gupta, C. Godbole
There is considerable reduction in grain size of the AZ31/1.0 vol. % CNT nano composite (Figure 1b) when compared to the unreinforced magnesium alloy (AZ31) (Figure 1a).
The observed reduction in grain size is attributed to the presence of the reinforcing nanosize CNT, which act as potential nucleation sites and also playing the role of an obstacle for impeding grain growth during casting.
To better understand the intrinsic influence of ductility of the material on high-cycle fatigue response the test data shown in Figure 2 is re-plotted in terms of maximum elastic strain (defined as smaximum / E).
A reason for the observable reduction in cyclic fatigue life or low fatigue life at the higher values of maximum stress is primarily because a high stress facilitates rapid initiation of one or more fine microscopic cracks, with concurrent microscopic crack growth through the microstructure and eventual coalescence to form a macroscopic crack.
Based on the presentation of the test data the nanocomposite reveals a higher endurance limit when compared to the monolithic magnesium alloy (AZ31) at both the load ratios studied, i.e., R= 0.1 and R = -.1.0.
The observed reduction in grain size is attributed to the presence of the reinforcing nanosize CNT, which act as potential nucleation sites and also playing the role of an obstacle for impeding grain growth during casting.
To better understand the intrinsic influence of ductility of the material on high-cycle fatigue response the test data shown in Figure 2 is re-plotted in terms of maximum elastic strain (defined as smaximum / E).
A reason for the observable reduction in cyclic fatigue life or low fatigue life at the higher values of maximum stress is primarily because a high stress facilitates rapid initiation of one or more fine microscopic cracks, with concurrent microscopic crack growth through the microstructure and eventual coalescence to form a macroscopic crack.
Based on the presentation of the test data the nanocomposite reveals a higher endurance limit when compared to the monolithic magnesium alloy (AZ31) at both the load ratios studied, i.e., R= 0.1 and R = -.1.0.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Marian Trafczyński, Mariusz Markowski
In this paper the results of simulation by means of feed-forward neural network of such nonlinear relation between data recorded from the modelled HEN have been applied.
The following economic data have been taken into account: · specific cost of heat Kq=12.1×10-9 USD/J, · cost of each cleaning intervention Kjl=3100 USD, · duration of the period of continuous HEN operation te=1 year =31536000 s.
Process data for the HEN without fouling.
Process data for the HEN with maximum fouling in heat exchangers.
The data processing, testing neural network architectures, training, and simulation of neural networks were carried out in MATLAB software.
The following economic data have been taken into account: · specific cost of heat Kq=12.1×10-9 USD/J, · cost of each cleaning intervention Kjl=3100 USD, · duration of the period of continuous HEN operation te=1 year =31536000 s.
Process data for the HEN without fouling.
Process data for the HEN with maximum fouling in heat exchangers.
The data processing, testing neural network architectures, training, and simulation of neural networks were carried out in MATLAB software.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Tsung Hsin Hung, Win Jet Luo, Cheng Ho Chen, Jin Shyong Lin, Chien Wen Chung
After the establishment of the actual system and measurement, the data were compared and analyzed for conclusions and discussions.
The three-hour actual measurement data of the personalized air-conditioning of single duct design are as shown in Table 1.
Table 2 shows the actual measurement data of the personalized air-conditioning of the double duct design .
Fig. 4 Comparison of the actual data and the simulated data on measurement points A, B, C Conclusions In this study, regarding the proposed single duct and double duct personalized air-conditioning systems, when the ambient temperature was 29℃, the air outlet temperature was 22℃, 24℃ respectively, and power consumption was 133W, 134W respectively.
Coupled with the CFD software for the calculation of the fluid mechanics software, actual and simulation data were compared, confirming that the trends of the actual measurement data and the simulated data are the same.
The three-hour actual measurement data of the personalized air-conditioning of single duct design are as shown in Table 1.
Table 2 shows the actual measurement data of the personalized air-conditioning of the double duct design .
Fig. 4 Comparison of the actual data and the simulated data on measurement points A, B, C Conclusions In this study, regarding the proposed single duct and double duct personalized air-conditioning systems, when the ambient temperature was 29℃, the air outlet temperature was 22℃, 24℃ respectively, and power consumption was 133W, 134W respectively.
Coupled with the CFD software for the calculation of the fluid mechanics software, actual and simulation data were compared, confirming that the trends of the actual measurement data and the simulated data are the same.