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Abu Al-Rub and Voyiadjis [7]).
Ekh et al. [10]).
Associated algorithms for the numerical treatment have been discussed, e.g., by Miehe et al. [15].
For Eq. 5 the definition of the product H s�H is introducedH s�H = 1 2 (HikHjl ei ⊗ ej ⊗ ek ⊗ el + HilHjk ei ⊗ ej ⊗ ek ⊗ el) . (6) Furthermore, the second order tensor H represents the following abbreviation according to Lemaitre et al. [1] H = (I − D) − 1 2 . (7) The definition of the fourth order tensor M, shown in Eq. 5, has its origin in the decomposition of deviatoric and hydrostatic stresses.
Abu Al-Rub and G.Z.

[13] Marwa Adel and Azza El-Maghraby, Ossama El-Shazly and El-Wahidy F.
El-Wahidy, Ossama El-Shazly and El-Wahidy F.
El-Wahidy, Synthesis of few-layer graphene-like nanosheets from glucose: New facile approach for graphene-like nanosheets large-scale production, J.
[15] Karina Bustos-Ramírez1,2,3, Carlos Eduardo Barrera-Díaz1, Miguel De Icaza-Herrera3, Ana Laura Martínez-Hernández2,3,Reyna Natividad-Rangel1 and Carlos Velasco-Santos2,3*, Bustos-Ramírez et al. 4-chlorophenol removal from water using graphite and graphene oxides as photocatalysts ,Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering. 13:33 (2015) 1-10

Li, et al. [4] have developed a semi-numerical approach to solve for the stresses in the cracked laminate under bending.
According to the plane cross-section assumption, the strain distribution of the cross-section at far field for the model is assumed to be linear, that is .(1) where EL is the longitudinal elastic modulus of unidirectional composite.
Table 1 Basic data of cross-ply laminates Material type EL (GPa) ET (GPa) GL (GPa) GT (GPa) Gm (GPa) t (mm) Glass/epoxy 50.0 15.20 4.70 3.28 1.26 0.2 Graphite/epoxy 130.0 9.70 5.00 3.60 1.26 0.2 Assume the total number of sub-layers N = 2m+2k =40 and crack spacing is 0.8 mm (4t) [8].
Oham, et al.: Reinf.

We take the longitudinal average strain as follow )1(sinh )cosh( ) )cosh( ))/(cosh( 1( 1 1 1 1 0 00 9090 0 1 00 9001 00 9090 0 0 00 900 0 0 0 0 1 1 l a a aaEEt Et Elal tE tt l a dx aEt lxaEt El dx tE tt l dx El c x x c c al x c c l al l xx xxc − + − + + = + + + = =≈ ∫ ∫ ∫ − − η η σ η σ σ η η σ σ σ εε � � � ���� Defining n as the delaminate propagation rate, 1a is half of the delaminated crack length.

The model of the aqueduct is subjected to the NS component of the 1940 El Centro earthquake, in simulation, the PGA is adjusted to 0.4g.
(a) mid span (b) 2nd span Fig.2 Responses of aqueduct due to El Centro earthquake The force of the MR damper and the LQR force are shown in Fig.3.
[2] Yi F, Dyke S J, Caicedo J M, et al.(1999) Seismic Response Control Using Smart Dampers [J].
[4] David A S, Paul N R, Lin Pei yang, et al.(2007) GA-optimized fuzzy logic control of a large scale building for seismic loads [J].

For actual applications, emitted light wavelength under 300nm is essential but higher Al composition is also relatively necessary for material growth.
Trimethylgallium (TMG), trimethylaluminum (TMA), bis-magnesium (Cp2Mg), silane (Si2H6) and ammonia (NH3) were used as Ga, Al, Mg, Si and N sources, respectively.
Current-voltage characteristics of the 290nm UV LEDs with 5um-thick and 20um-thick GaN buffer layers The electroluminescene (EL) spectra measurement of the UV LEDs are shown in Fig.3.
EL spectra measurement of the UV LEDs with various injection levels The power measurement is performed by using an integrating sphere which is placed close to the surface of LEDs with a distance of 1cm.

Figure 6: Electroluminescent spectrum of encapsulated devices: (a) EL spectrum of devices encapsulated by curing at 80oC for 2hrs.
(b) Comparison of EL spectra of devices encapsulated by curing at 80oC for 2hrs with bare devices.
(c) Comparison of EL spectra of devices encapsulated by curing at room temperatures with bare devices.
These reactions lead to C-Al or C-O-Al strong covalent bonds between the metal and polymer [30].
Interaction Adhesion Energy (J/m2) PDMS-Al (CBBD) 39 PDMS-Al(AFM) 8.6 Al-MEH:PPV 3 PEDOT:PSS-MEH:PPV 32 ITO-PEDOT:PSS 40 Glass-ITO 0.3 From Table 1, it can be seen that the adhesion between Al and PDMS is approximately 3 times greater than the corresponding adhesion between Al and MEH-PPV.

Experimental Commercial available hot-dipped Zn(GI)，5%Al-Zn (GF) and 55% Al-Zn (GL) coated low carbon sheet steel, with 0.2cm (for GI and GF) or 0.1cm (GL) in thickness, were used as test samples.
Conclusions Nicotinic acid, acridine, and berberine were both high efficient and environment-friendly inhibitors for hot dipped Zn and Zn-Al alloy coatings in diluted hydrochloric acid.
[5] El Sayed H.
El Ashry, Samir A.

Introduction Electroluminescent materials have attracted numerous attention since the first contribution of small molecular organic light-emitting diodes (SMOLED) was reported by Tang et al [1].
The blue PHOLED possesses the device configuration of ITO/MoOx (2 nm)/ m-MTDATA (15wt.%, 25 nm)/m-MTDATA (20 nm)/ iridium(III) factris(2-phenylpyridine) (Ir(ppz)3) (10 nm)/SFX-FP: FIr6 (10%, 10 nm)/ 3TPYMB (10 nm)/ BPhen (30 nm)/KBH4 (1 nm)/Al (100 nm).
Here KBH4/Al and ITO served as the cathode and anode, respectively.
Fig. 2 a) Luminance–voltage-current characteristics of the blue devices; b) Current efficiency, power efficiency versus current density and EQE of the blue device; c) Normalized EL spectra of the blue-emitting device at the different luminescence of 100, 1000, 2000 cd/m2.
Fig. 3 a) Luminance–voltage-current characteristics of the green device; b) Current efficiency, power efficiency versus current density and external EL quantum efficiency of the green device; c) Normalized EL spectra of the green-emitting device at the different luminescence of 100, 1000, 2000 cd/m2.

Abd El- Razik1,a* H.M.
Taha4,d 1,2Building Physics Institute -Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC) - 87 El –Tahrir St., Dokki, P.O.
Student, Engineer – Cairo – Egypt 4Reinforced Concrete Institute - Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC) - 87 El –Tahrir St., Dokki, P.O.
[16] Soussi, Yamna, et al.