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Smith 1,c 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2BX, UK 2 Steel Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba, 293-8511, Japan a kayamori.yoichi@nsc.co.jp, bs.crofton@imperial.ac.uk, croderick.smith@imperial.ac.uk Keywords: Ductile fracture; line pipe; equivalent plastic strain; stress triaxiality; CTOA; Global constraint factor Abstract.
In addition, ductile crack rapid propagation was assessed by the relationship between the critical CTOA and the global constraint factor, where the critical CTOA remained almost constant because of high constraint.
Introduction The burst property prediction of high-pressure gas pipelines made from recent high-grade line pipes such as the API Standard 5L X80 through X100 should be extremely reliable because such bursting could lead to extremely dangerous situation, combined with the high crack-driving force of the pipelines under high-pressure.
The authors [4, 5] showed that crack velocity slightly affected αg and αg influenced the constant CTOA.
Vol.70 Issues 3-4 (2003), p.567-577. 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Global constraint factor, g Crack velocity, dc/dt (m/s)In the starter pipe In the T4 prop. pipe α 388m/s 125m/s 0.953 1.01 Fig. 4 Relationships between the crack velocity and the global constraint factor.

The mechanical properties are dependent on the organic content and rubber-like elasticity can replace brittleness [6].
The Cluster Model that is introduced here has also been applied as an initial approach to the study of mechanical properties [68].
The stronger nature of the covalent bond gives considerable improvement of the mechanical properties of the composites.
"An introduction to the mechanical properties of solid polymers"
[125] Piñero, M., Morales-Flórez, V., de la Rosa-Fox, N. and Esquivias, L., Mechanical properties of hybrid aerogels, Bol.

Pedestal is one of the main equipments for pre-tensioned hollow beam to be pre-stressed; it will bear great tensioning force during operation, so the pedestal's stability, reliability, security and economy directly affect the normal use of pre-tensioned precast factory and quality of prefabricated components, as well as safety of the life and the property.
Optimization is done through the mechanical analysis, finite element method is used to analyze the stress distribution of the bearing bracket, the reinforcement is designed, and reliability is verified through the practical application of the new pedestal.
Empirical formula is shown in Eq. 1 (1) Where q is the quantity of the beams that a pedestal can be produced, K is the factor of the working time, take 0.9, t take 5 days.
Balance moment: Mr＝W1L1+ W2L2+ W3L3＝4453.586kN•m Overturning moment: Mdv＝Nj•e＝1538.96kN•m So, the factor of the anti-overturning is shown in Eq. 2
In addition, its modularization property allows assembling freely to satisfy different work quantities and project duration.

Surface roughness of a final product is one of the major concerns in sheet metal forming processes because it can affect mechanical and physical properties of the product [5].
A three-factor full factorial design was employed in this study [9].
As being seen from Table 2, it can be concluded that depth increment (B), wall angle (C), and its interaction (BC) affect the surface roughness at the significant level of 0.05.
The most influential of the factors are determined.

It is found that the mean pore pressure entirely affect the homogenized viscoplastic behavior.
It was found using three special cases derived from Hill’s macrohomogeneity equation, that one of , or (the mean of and ) entirely affects the homogenized viscoplastic behavior in the steady state.
In a small case of the strain-rate sensitivity of base metals, and almost entirely affected the homogenized viscoplastic behavior under uniaxial tension and compression, respectively, while in a moderate case of the strain-rate sensitivity, nearly entirely affected the homogenized viscoplastic behavior.
Microscopic material properties Fig. 2 shows a plate-fin, periodic unit cell consisting of a solid region and two open-pore regions and .
Incidentally, buckling of plates and fins is not considered in accordance with the assumption of small deformation in this study, although buckling is an important factor for cellular solids subjected to compression at large strains [7,8].

Physical properties such as Poisson's ratio could be changed in very thin metallic film, and especially, damping property of material is not considered as a simulation parameter though an important factor to amplitude.
In type C diaphragm with relatively larger etched space, the amplitude is not affected almost by sound pressure level, whereas the amplitudes in type A and B diaphragms increase with increase of sound pressure level, indicating that area of diaphragm influences directly the amplitude.
These seem to be mainly from the inaccurate input parameters and missing some properties such as damping property of Ni electroplated thin film.
Amplitude of diaphragm was affected directly by the area of diaphragm and increased with increase of sound pressure level.
Pister: Proc. of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Expo, (2002)

Based on the data from the microwave scanners, an algorithm is then developed to identify juvenile lumber, which has very unfavourable physical and anatomical properties for appearances and structural uses.
Since timber is highly variable in its physical properties, strength of the lumber, the most important physical property for structural uses, varies significantly, even when the lumbers are sawn from the same tree.
These changes reflect the sensitivity of microwaves to the main properties of wood that directly affect timber strength.
This is important to detect the juvenile lumber because juvenile timber has very unfavourable physical and anatomical properties for appearance requirements and structural uses.
Since properties of sawn timber vary greatly depending on various factors, it is practically impossible to develop a single stable algorithm for all resources.

During the thermo-mechanical rolling process, the strain of last pass can't be fully reversed because of the influence of the alloying elements (especially �b).
(12) The average temperature of last pass and the pass interval time and the composition of �b are the main factors which affect the residual strain.
The deformation zone shape affects the stress state of plate.
The ratios of the actual measured rolling force values and the calculation values of rolling force model are used as correction factors during the rolling process.
The exponential smoothing method [10,11] is used to gain parameter, as follows: Aiming at each thickness layer, the correction factors k[0]，k[1]，…，k[19] of the most recent 20 passes, of which the average thicknesseses are in the corresponding thickness layer according to the time rolled from near to far, are found. β is used as weight-based model parameter.

Power requirements and pressure drop through the microfilters are important properties.
The opening factor is defined as.
The variation of K with opening factor and t/h will be shown in later work.
The non-dimensional pressure drop is affected by Re, opening factor and the ratio t/h, but is independent of Kn.
Chambers, Lattice Boltzmann computations of micro channel and micro orifice flows, in ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition 2008, pp. 907-919

Introduction SiCN is a new class polymer-derived ceramics with excellent thermal and mechanical properties, which are amorphous alloys of silicon, carbon and nitrogen.
Higher heating rates would result in the production of most of the gaseous by-products at a narrow temperature range (H2 at 600-700 ºC, and CH4 at 600 ºC), which could generate defects in the pyrolyzed sample and degrade the mechanical strength of the structures [6].
The factors affected the shape of the slope walls were attributed to the thickness of the sample, the photo initiator and the mask-to-lamp distance [7].