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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Li Chen, Ya Nan Wang, Fu You Wang, Guo Li Zhang, Jia Lu Li, Guang Wei Chen
It was found the calculating precision of FEA dynamic predication was very high, the dynamic predicating results by FEA could provide fundamental data to the optimal design high speed reciprocating sandwich composite rectangular parts.
Dai Gil Lee[5] developed slide parts of a high speed CNC milling machine by bonding sandwich composites and steel frame together, it was found that the damping factors of the hybrid slides increased 1.5~5.7 times and mass reduction of them was at least 26% compared to those of the steel structure parts.
However, most research projects were mainely focus on the properties of sandwich composites with Nomex honeycomb or PVC core material, few studies are carried out about light weight wood core sandwich composite plates, and the design of wood core sandwich composite structures which are used for ubstituting the conventional metallic parts lacks fundmental test data.
BZ1201 type of impact hammer with a force transducer and WS-5921 data acquisition systems were selected for exciting and recording the test singal.
Compared with the experimental modal results related to the position of maximum amplitude point, the vibration modal shape and nodes position, the calculating precision of FEA predicting modal shape results for sandwich composite rectangular plate is very high, this dynamic analysis method based on FEA can supply theoretical data basis for the structure design of sandwich composites (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3 Modal shape deduced from FEA modeling, (a) torsional vibration shape for 1st mode, (b) flexural vibration shape for 2nd mode, (c) torsional-flexural vibration shape for 3rd mode, (d) double-flexural vibration shape for 4th mode (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 4 Modal shape obtained from modal experimental investigation, (a) torsional vibration shape for 1st mode, (b) flexural vibration shape for 2nd mode, (c) torsional-flexural vibration shape for 3rd mode, (d)
Dai Gil Lee[5] developed slide parts of a high speed CNC milling machine by bonding sandwich composites and steel frame together, it was found that the damping factors of the hybrid slides increased 1.5~5.7 times and mass reduction of them was at least 26% compared to those of the steel structure parts.
However, most research projects were mainely focus on the properties of sandwich composites with Nomex honeycomb or PVC core material, few studies are carried out about light weight wood core sandwich composite plates, and the design of wood core sandwich composite structures which are used for ubstituting the conventional metallic parts lacks fundmental test data.
BZ1201 type of impact hammer with a force transducer and WS-5921 data acquisition systems were selected for exciting and recording the test singal.
Compared with the experimental modal results related to the position of maximum amplitude point, the vibration modal shape and nodes position, the calculating precision of FEA predicting modal shape results for sandwich composite rectangular plate is very high, this dynamic analysis method based on FEA can supply theoretical data basis for the structure design of sandwich composites (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3 Modal shape deduced from FEA modeling, (a) torsional vibration shape for 1st mode, (b) flexural vibration shape for 2nd mode, (c) torsional-flexural vibration shape for 3rd mode, (d) double-flexural vibration shape for 4th mode (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 4 Modal shape obtained from modal experimental investigation, (a) torsional vibration shape for 1st mode, (b) flexural vibration shape for 2nd mode, (c) torsional-flexural vibration shape for 3rd mode, (d)
Online since: July 2015
Authors: L.M. Hee, M. Salman Leong, Ahmed M. Abdelrhman, K.H. Hui
The most recent literatures in this area show that researches are mainly focus on using machine learning techniques for data fusion, features fusion, and also decisions fusion in order to achieve a higher accuracy of decision making in vibration condition monitoring.
In vibration condition monitoring, AI techniques are widely used for faults classification, data fusion, features reduction, decision making, etc.
The advantages of this method were reported to be able to handle the nonlinear bearing data and also to improve pattern classification performance of faults.
Firstly, provide input data samples.
In vibration condition monitoring, AI techniques are widely used for faults classification, data fusion, features reduction, decision making, etc.
The advantages of this method were reported to be able to handle the nonlinear bearing data and also to improve pattern classification performance of faults.
Firstly, provide input data samples.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Shang Lien Lo, Shyang Chyuan Fang
Prior to full-scale soil remediation, laboratory and pilot-scale tests were performed to provide useful data for the full-scale remediation to be taken subsequently.
Temperature, ORP (Oxidation/Reduction Potential), and pH of the leachate in both cells were monitored in the field.
The above field data indicated that persulfate oxidation activated by ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide appeared to be more aggressive and resulted in more acidic and oxidizing soil environment than that activated by hydrogen peroxide.
Physical and Chemical Reference Data, vol. 17(2), (1988), p. 513-886
Physical and Chemical Reference Data, vol. 3, (1988), p. 1027-1084
Temperature, ORP (Oxidation/Reduction Potential), and pH of the leachate in both cells were monitored in the field.
The above field data indicated that persulfate oxidation activated by ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide appeared to be more aggressive and resulted in more acidic and oxidizing soil environment than that activated by hydrogen peroxide.
Physical and Chemical Reference Data, vol. 17(2), (1988), p. 513-886
Physical and Chemical Reference Data, vol. 3, (1988), p. 1027-1084
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Martha T. Ochoa-Lara, Magali Ugalde, E. Chavira, Carlos Quintanar
In the case of gel, its curve exhibits three large lost of weight at 210 ºC, 400 ºC and at 515 ºC, data corresponding to the decomposition of (NH4NO3) compound, (Pd (NO3) 2 (H2O) 2) compound, and to PdO compound, respectively.
Comparing the size of Pd crystallites estimated from X-ray diffraction data, it differs from the scale data obtained for Pd nano-sizes for crystals, from electron microscopy images.
Table 1 contains the average crystallite size data obtained between 600 °C and 900 °C, calculated from the Debye-Scherrer equation (D = 0.9λ/B cosθ), where λ is the X-ray wavelength, θ the Bragg angle and B the full width of the diffraction line at one half of the maximum intensity.
The reduction method by thermal decomposition of Pd-surfactant complexes gives us as result a monodispersed crystal distribution of Pd with sizes of 3, 5 and 7 nm respectively.
Hu, Microwave-assisted polythiol reduction method: a new solid–liquid route to fast preparation of silver nanowires, Mater.
Comparing the size of Pd crystallites estimated from X-ray diffraction data, it differs from the scale data obtained for Pd nano-sizes for crystals, from electron microscopy images.
Table 1 contains the average crystallite size data obtained between 600 °C and 900 °C, calculated from the Debye-Scherrer equation (D = 0.9λ/B cosθ), where λ is the X-ray wavelength, θ the Bragg angle and B the full width of the diffraction line at one half of the maximum intensity.
The reduction method by thermal decomposition of Pd-surfactant complexes gives us as result a monodispersed crystal distribution of Pd with sizes of 3, 5 and 7 nm respectively.
Hu, Microwave-assisted polythiol reduction method: a new solid–liquid route to fast preparation of silver nanowires, Mater.
Online since: October 2016
Authors: R. Sudhakara Pandian, T. Sornakumar, S.S. Mahapatra, R. Kamalakannan
By doing this the entire manufacturing system is equally discrete to the several systems for acquiring the setup time reduction, throughput reduction, improve the level of quality, reduction in scrap and increasing the flexibility in manufacturing[2].
The data given for the cell formation problem is based the process plan.
This data is exposed in term of machine part incidence matrix manipulate to find out the diagonalized matrix from the given machine part incidence matrix.
[2] Saurabh Jain, Kapil Kumar Goyal lti Dixt, Multiple Objective Based Machine-Part Cell Design Considering Ordinal and Ratio Data Through NSGA II, in All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference, Guwahati, 2014, pp. 838-1 to 838-6
[14] G Liu, A data mining algorithm for designing the conventional cellular manufacturing systems, Adv Artif Int. (2007) 715-720
The data given for the cell formation problem is based the process plan.
This data is exposed in term of machine part incidence matrix manipulate to find out the diagonalized matrix from the given machine part incidence matrix.
[2] Saurabh Jain, Kapil Kumar Goyal lti Dixt, Multiple Objective Based Machine-Part Cell Design Considering Ordinal and Ratio Data Through NSGA II, in All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference, Guwahati, 2014, pp. 838-1 to 838-6
[14] G Liu, A data mining algorithm for designing the conventional cellular manufacturing systems, Adv Artif Int. (2007) 715-720
Online since: March 2024
Authors: Peter Apata Olubambi, Kingsley Ukoba, Bukola Joseph Babalola, Olusoji Oluremi Ayodele, Ufoma Silas Anamu, Emmanuel Olorundaisi, Tien Chien Jen, Peter Ifeoluwa Odetola, Anthony Ogunmefun
Coded and Actual Operating Conditions of the Factors
Factor
Name
Units
Type
Minimum
Maximum
Coded
Low
Coded High
A
MT
hr
Numeric
5
10
-1
5
↔
+1 ↔
10
B
ST
oC
Numeric
800
900
-1
800
↔
+1 ↔
900
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to assess the experimental outcomes and statistical analysis data.
The analysis of the densification process during the sintering operation depends on the sintering data gathered from the SPS method. 2.4 Density and porosity analyses of the fabricated HEAs To analyse the densification of the sintered materials, their relative densities were determined with reference to the computed theoretical densities and densities obtained from experiment.
A number of 5 indentations was performed on each sample to ensure accuracy of the hardness data collected. 3.
This is supported by increase in the necking between the particles of the grains, which results in inter-particle bonding and appreciable reduction in the porosity of the material.
Jamal, A New Useful Exponential Model with Applications to Quality Control and Actuarial Data, Comput.
The analysis of the densification process during the sintering operation depends on the sintering data gathered from the SPS method. 2.4 Density and porosity analyses of the fabricated HEAs To analyse the densification of the sintered materials, their relative densities were determined with reference to the computed theoretical densities and densities obtained from experiment.
A number of 5 indentations was performed on each sample to ensure accuracy of the hardness data collected. 3.
This is supported by increase in the necking between the particles of the grains, which results in inter-particle bonding and appreciable reduction in the porosity of the material.
Jamal, A New Useful Exponential Model with Applications to Quality Control and Actuarial Data, Comput.
Online since: April 2018
Authors: Asiya Duryagina, Irina Talovina, Anastasia Shtyrlyaeva, Oleg Popov
Shadow projections represent graphic files where each pixel includes data about the amount of X-ray absorption by the object at each point.
Copper sandstone consists, according to CT data, of 5.2% of ore minerals, silica grains (53.1%) and a matrix consisting of crystallized calcite (40.9%).
Broch and Franklin [8] used an idealized set of curves that should enable the reduction of every individual value for IS at arbitrary distance D to a standard value IS(50).
For a possible regression of the measurement data in the logarithmic grid, Brook [9] and ISRM [10] specify a grain size correction factor f, which enables conversion into the IS(50) for rocks (Eq. 2)
The possibility of receiving data on statistical parameters of the spread, mode, and median of of various morphometric characteristics is an undoubted advantage of the CT method.
Copper sandstone consists, according to CT data, of 5.2% of ore minerals, silica grains (53.1%) and a matrix consisting of crystallized calcite (40.9%).
Broch and Franklin [8] used an idealized set of curves that should enable the reduction of every individual value for IS at arbitrary distance D to a standard value IS(50).
For a possible regression of the measurement data in the logarithmic grid, Brook [9] and ISRM [10] specify a grain size correction factor f, which enables conversion into the IS(50) for rocks (Eq. 2)
The possibility of receiving data on statistical parameters of the spread, mode, and median of of various morphometric characteristics is an undoubted advantage of the CT method.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: N.R. Caetano, T.Z. Stapasolla, F.B. Peng, P.S. Schneider, F.M. Pereira, H.A. Vielmo
Note that, among these data, are two critical values of Reynolds number.
From these flow data were calculated the Reynolds number and the flame length was normalized by the jet diameter.
The addition of CO2 exhibits a significant reduction in flame length, in relation to the pure NG.
As expected, based on the studies of [22], with 5, 10, 15 and 20% of CO2 dilution the blowout limits reveal a reduction in terms of Reynolds number values, respectively of 13, 27, 39 and 52%, compared to NG.
The flame lift-off caused an abrupt reduction in flame length.
From these flow data were calculated the Reynolds number and the flame length was normalized by the jet diameter.
The addition of CO2 exhibits a significant reduction in flame length, in relation to the pure NG.
As expected, based on the studies of [22], with 5, 10, 15 and 20% of CO2 dilution the blowout limits reveal a reduction in terms of Reynolds number values, respectively of 13, 27, 39 and 52%, compared to NG.
The flame lift-off caused an abrupt reduction in flame length.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Martin Sahul, Peter Šugár, Jana Šugárová, Martin Frnčík, Ingrid Görögová
Hence, the application of concave tool path has a negative effect on the height of the spun part from the technological point of view, since in the previous research [32] was observed that concave tpp causes the most massive thickness reduction in the wall zone of the spun cups.
The surface roughness reduction of 49.5% is achieved if the lower feed ratio and lower mandrel speeds are applied.
Reduction of Ra using lower feed ratio and lower rotational speeds is about 55.4%.
It is also important in which direction the heights of the spun cups are examined, because the direction (0°, 45° or 90°, thus the material anisotropy parameter) is also a significant factor influencing the variance of measured data (F-ratio = 14.83).
It has been shown that the variance of the measured Ra data is not influenced by the given direction (by the material anisotropy), so the 33 model of experiment was used in this analysis, the measured Ra value for the given input parameter combination is calculated as the average value from the Ra values for the three rolling directions.
The surface roughness reduction of 49.5% is achieved if the lower feed ratio and lower mandrel speeds are applied.
Reduction of Ra using lower feed ratio and lower rotational speeds is about 55.4%.
It is also important in which direction the heights of the spun cups are examined, because the direction (0°, 45° or 90°, thus the material anisotropy parameter) is also a significant factor influencing the variance of measured data (F-ratio = 14.83).
It has been shown that the variance of the measured Ra data is not influenced by the given direction (by the material anisotropy), so the 33 model of experiment was used in this analysis, the measured Ra value for the given input parameter combination is calculated as the average value from the Ra values for the three rolling directions.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Hartmut Hoffmann, Roland Golle, Wolfram Volk, Thorsten Gläsner, Christina Sunderkötter, Armin Plath
A 100 kg reduction in vehicle weight can lower carbon dioxide emissions by around 8.5 g/km [2].
While the tensile strength, the yield strength and the hardness of the material increase, deformation parameters, such as the reduction of area and the uniform elongation decrease.
Amongst other things, it was found that there was a reduction in work hardening in the shearing zone [17] 2.3 Formability of cut edges After shear cutting, the resulting holes are often cold formed into collars.
Table 1: Mechanical properties of the test material SZBS800 [own investigations, 22] HDT780C (SZBS800) Parameter Formula Unit Test material Data sheet Rolling direction 0° 45° 90° Minimum tensile strength Rm MPa 804 796 818 800 - 980 Minimum yield strength Rp0,2 MPa 676 681 731 - Yield strength ratio Rp0,2/Rm % 84.08 85.58 89.3 - Elongation A80 % 15.5 14.2 13.1 ≥ 12 Table 2: Chemical composition of SZBS800 [22] C S Mn P S Al B Percentages by weight ≤ 0.11 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 2 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.01 ≥ 0.015 ≤ 0.004 The quality of the cutting and trimming processes has a decisive influence on process limits and safety.
[22] Salzgitter Flachstahl, Data sheet SZBS800, Salzgitter, 2010
While the tensile strength, the yield strength and the hardness of the material increase, deformation parameters, such as the reduction of area and the uniform elongation decrease.
Amongst other things, it was found that there was a reduction in work hardening in the shearing zone [17] 2.3 Formability of cut edges After shear cutting, the resulting holes are often cold formed into collars.
Table 1: Mechanical properties of the test material SZBS800 [own investigations, 22] HDT780C (SZBS800) Parameter Formula Unit Test material Data sheet Rolling direction 0° 45° 90° Minimum tensile strength Rm MPa 804 796 818 800 - 980 Minimum yield strength Rp0,2 MPa 676 681 731 - Yield strength ratio Rp0,2/Rm % 84.08 85.58 89.3 - Elongation A80 % 15.5 14.2 13.1 ≥ 12 Table 2: Chemical composition of SZBS800 [22] C S Mn P S Al B Percentages by weight ≤ 0.11 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 2 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.01 ≥ 0.015 ≤ 0.004 The quality of the cutting and trimming processes has a decisive influence on process limits and safety.
[22] Salzgitter Flachstahl, Data sheet SZBS800, Salzgitter, 2010