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Simulation of temperature and stress field of titanium alloys under laser cladding Zhi Ren, Yanling Tian*, Mingyue Zhou, Huanying Zheng and Shuai Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin, China *e-mail: meytian@tju.edu.cn Keywords：Laser cladding; Finite element method; TC4; Temperature and Stress Field Abstract.Titanium alloys which exhibit excellent material properties like a high strength to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance have become the important structural materials in the applications of the aerospace.
In the laser cladding process, the transient and highly concentrated heat input will generate large thermal stress and deformation, which directly affect the working performance of the fixed parts.
Thermal conductivity of the powder bed The thermal properties of the powder bed, however, are a strong function of the porosity of the powder bed.
Greater von mises distributed in the powder/substrate interface for the difference of the material properties between the powder and substrate.
Thermal and mechanical finite element modeling of laser forming from metal and ceramic powders.

This decision-making process by the multiple correlations associated factors and control, is a typical multi-objective decision making.
Different mine have different decision-making goals, so that the dump program preferred is a more complex, ambiguous, there is an objective basis, there are subjective factors.
When , say the model mainly factors determine type comprehensive evaluation model, The model of the evaluation decision by numerical results the biggest factors, and the rest in a certain range of values change does not affect the final results.
When called a weighted average of the model, the model for all related factors weights according to size balanced consideration, show good overall properties.
D. in this study to one iron ore dump the stability of the safety check, and waste of the stone the physical and mechanical indexes take: C = 0.12 MPa, Φ = 20, and waste stone loose density for: r = 1.69 t/m3, the calculation results show that dump all is stable.

The Base Metal and its Weldability Chemical and mechanical properties.
The Oxelösund steel plant provides the data on the Hardox 450 steel chemical composition and mechanical properties given in Tables 1 and 2, respectively [2, 10].
Appearance of the unfavorable Widmanstetten structure in the HAZ is undesirable since it causes reducing of the mechanical properties, primarily the toughness.
In this way the more favorable mechanical properties of the welded joint individual zones are obtained.
Bokůvka, Structure and mechanical properties of fine-grained steels, Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 41(2) (2013) 111-115

After analyzing the factors that influence the current density distribution on the anode surface in EMM process, three potentially feasible schemes are presented and their fabrication results are predicted through numerical simulation.
Recent research has shown that the presence of artificially created microstructures (namely surface texturing) can significantly affect friction and wear behavior of lubricated surfaces[2].
However, with the scheme1, only microstructures in non-uniform distribution can be produced, which will result in different friction property in different areas.
The uniform property is generally required, thus in this work, the fabrication scheme2 is adopted.
Spikes: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, Vol. 217(1)(2003), p1

There are many parameters affecting surface roughness, such as cutting conditions, tool geometries, tool wear and material properties and so on.
Numerous investigations concerning the influences of cutting conditions, tool geometry and material properties on surface roughness have already been reported.
The dynamic characteristics and especially chattering is considered to be the most important factor for poor surface quality.
In this study, a natural logarithmic formula was used in the coding of the independent variables [9] min max min 6(ln ln ) 3 ln ln n n n n x x x x x − = + − (5) where x is the coded value of any factor corresponding to its natural value nx , maxnx is the natural value of the factor at the +3 level (upper limit), minnx is the natural value of the factor at the -3 level (lower limit).
Huang: China Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 14.19 (2003), p.1684-1686.

It points at ways and abilities of measuring shape deviations by means of contact and contactless measuring methods and deals with errors which can affect results of measuring.
They can occur due to measuring method, a human factor, an environmental impact and measuring time.
Pasko: Influence of technological factors of die casting on mechanical properties of castings from silumin, 2013.

Generally, one can say that the imprint and traces of all static and dynamic factors during diamond cutting can be investigated by looking into the topography of the machined surface.
A good quality surface can enhance the functionality of optical components as the material’s optical properties are proportional to the surface finish.
In addition, the surface roughness also affects several other functional attributes of optical elements such as the coefficient of friction, material wear properties, light reflectivity, heat transmission, coating and the ability to distribute and hold a lubricant [4, 5].
These include the degrees of freedom (DF), F-values (F) and probability (P) of each factor.
Claesson: Mechanical Systems and signal processing 11 (3) (1997), pp.459-489

The system’s interface, designed using C++ Builder, can access data which includes the geometrical angles and dimensions of tool, the sizes of work, the relative position between tool and work, properties of tool and work, cutting conditions, etc..
It is known that modeling is one of some key techniques, in which geometrical angle and structural parameters of cutting tool are important factors.
It directly affects the operation and results of the simulation system.
It is necessary to configure properties of material.
Before the simulating of machining process, geometric properties and material property of elements, contact relationship of bodies, mechanics and thermal conductivity between milling tool and workpiece need to be defined and evaluated.

A Study on Working Process of Wire-EDM by Using Two Different Dielectric Fluids on HCHCr Alloy Steel S K Dinesh Kumar 1, a* R Selvanayagam 2,b M Sivakumar3, c S Krishnaraj4, d 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Anna University, Chennai, 600044, India 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Anna University, Sathyamangalam, 638401, India. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Anna University, Sathyamangalam, 638401, India. 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Anna University, Chennai, 600044, India askdnsh@gmail.com, bselvanayagamr@bitsathy.ac.in, cmuthusivaa@gmail.com, dkrishnaraj.mech@sairam.edu.in Keywords: WEDM, Copper Powder, Metal Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness (Ra), HCHCr.
Important properties of the AISI D3 Alloy steel are listed in Table 1 Table 1 Chemical Composition of D3 Alloy Steel (SPECTROMETRY TEST) Element C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni V W Fe % 2.265 0.326 0.358 0.019 0.024 12.25 0.021 0.025 0.009 0.021 84.66 Copper Powder Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu with atomic number 29.
Fig. 5 Сut the specimens after experimentation Effect of control factors on MRR (Copper powder) S/N Data From the Fig. 4 MRR and 5 MRR, the maximum material removal rate can be achieved from the following parameter in order of (pulse-on, pulse-off, current and voltage) is35μsec, 4μsec, 4A and 100Vfor AISI D3 steel 50mm work piece thickness, irrespective of the dielectric used.
Copper powder suspended in the dielectric medium would not adversely affect the surface roughness. 4.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 57 (5), 271–290.

Delayed Fatigue of Hydroxy- and Fluorhydroxyapatite Ceramics in Simulated Body Fluid S.M.Barinov, I.V.Fadeeva, L.V.Fateeva, S.V.Tumanov Institute for Physical Chemistry of Ceramics RAS, Ozernaya 48, Moscow, 119361, Russia, email barinov_s@mail.ru Keywords: biomaterials, ceramics, hydroxyapatite, fluorhydroxyapatite, mechanical properties, dynamic fatigue, stress corrosion Abstract.
Fluoride substitutions up to 10% were demonstrated to influence positively the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells [4] and do not affect negatively the human blood proteins adsorption [5].
Besides, the better stability of fluorhydroxyapatite (FHA) in biological environments compared to HA can also be considered as a positive factor for orthopedic applications [6].
Mechanical testing was performed using an UTS-100 machine at three-point bending mode.