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Several factors affect the FLC including sheet thickness [5], temperature [6], strain rate and grain size [7] and strain hardening exponent [8].
In this damage model, expression of the three unvarying functions of the stress allows to represent two different damage mechanisms: grain boundary damage and ductility damage.
The numbers at the top of Fig. 2b are the geometry numbers corresponding to those in Fig. 1b, covering strain ratios from pure tensile to equibiaxial conditions.
(a) (b) 1 5 3 4 6 2 Fig. 2 (a) Test-pieces after isothermal tensile test at 250°C with a strain rate of 0.1 s-1, and (b) Test-pieces after isothermal FLC at 250°C and forming rate of 75 mm s-1, the numbers at the top are the geometry numbers corresponding to Fig. 1b, from left to right: tensile to equibiaxial conditions [10].

However, at present, the insufficiency of HPC widespread exist, such as the poor anti-cracking performance, high brittleness and low toughness, the durability and long service life of concrete structures was serious influence [1-3]. "5.12" wenchuan earthquake, a large number of serious damage of concrete structures also illustrate this point.
Raw material of HPC include Ordinary Portland cement P.O 42.5, the chemical compositions and physical properties of cement are listed in Table 1, river sand with a fineness modulus of 2.6 as the fine aggregate, limestone gravel with a 25 mm maximum in size and grain grade 5~25 mm as the coarse aggregate, parameters of aggregate for concrete are listed in Table 2, the material parameters of microsilica and ground granulated blast furnace slag (S95) as themineral admixture are listed in Table 3 and Table 4, superplasticizer (HS-AF) was based on naphthalene sulfonates complying with GB8076-2008, polypropylene short fibers added in the tests were four lengths of 5mm, 8mm, 15mm and 19mm, and a diameter 33 micron, main technical parameters of polypropylene fiber are listed in Table 5, mixing water was tap water.
Table 1 Chemical composition and parameters of ordinary Portland cement SiO2 [%] Al2O3 [%] CaO [%] MgO [%] Fe2O3 [%] K2O [%] Na2O [%] Surface area [m2/kg] Loss on Ignition Stability Compressive strength[MPa] Tensile strength[MPa] 3d 28d 3d 28d 20.7 6.16 64.0 1.82 4.41 1.2 0.2 350 1.5 Qualified 18.6 46.5 3.8 7.2 Table 2 Parameters of aggregate for concrete Index Apparent density [kg/m3] Bulk density [kg/m3] Material finer than 75µm [%] Clay lump Elongated flaky particle [%] Grain gradation Fineness modulus Index of crushing [%] River sand 2680 1580 0.33 0.05 - Qualified 2.6 - Croshed stone 2715 1630 0.30 0.10 2 Qualified - 6 Table 3 Material parameters of microsilica SiO2 [%] K2O [%] Na2O [%] PH Loss on Ignition [%] Water content [%] Surface area [m2/kg] Bulk density [kg/m3] 88.63 1.32 0.52 7.78 1.80 0.41 18000 350-450 Table 4 Material parameters of ground granulated blast furnace slag SiO2 [%] Al2O3 [%] CaO [%] MgO [%] MnO [%] Loss on Ignition [%] Water
Specimen Numbers: PP0 - represent concrete, PP + digital + lowercase letters -- represent mixing polypropylene fiber concrete, such as PP8a, representing concrete mixed of polypropylene fiber with a length of 8mm and 0.5 kg/m³.
Table 7 Compressive strength and Splitting tensile strength test results of HPC Specimen number Compressive strength [MPa] Splitting tensile strength [MPa] Specimen number Compressive strength [MPa] Splitting tensile strength [MPa] ppc0 68.5 5.09 pp5a 65.8 5.03 pp15a 70.3 5.33 pp5b 61.6 5.18 pp15b 68 5.85 pp5c 68.3 5.79 pp15c 68.9 5.99 pp5d 66.6 5.79 pp15d 69.6 6.03 pp5e 67.6 6.11 pp15e 69.9 6.37 pp5f 57.4 5.16 pp15f 55.1 5.38 pp8a 68.5 5.13 pp19a 72 5.54 pp8b 68.1 5.77 pp19b 67.7 5.95 pp8c 69.9 5.97 pp19c 66.7 6.01 pp8d 69.6 5.99 pp19d 66.2 6.07 pp8e 66.9 6.12 pp19e 60.1 6.38 pp8f 53.4 5.25 pp19f 43.4 5.47 Compressive strength.

Landslide accumulation is mainly made up of stone fragments and sandy loam, and contains a number of deadwoods of which the surface have been carbon blacked , especially on the left bank.
The composition of fragment stone is mainly full and strong weathering feldspar-quartz medium grained fine sandstone with the color of yellow-brown, a little of which is green gray.
The sandstone consists of hard green gray and yellow-brown feldspar-quartz fine grained sandstone, and local contains more black carbon blocks.
The average unit grouting amount of this segment is 205 kg/m, largely in line with the law that with the increase of hole spacing sequence and hole number, grouting amount is decreasing.
Seen from the injection rate, the average injection rate of this area with sequence number from A to C is increasing and value is larger (hole A is 407.3 kg/m, hole C is 489.2 kg/m).

The number of cycles to fatigue failure (Nf) was found to be decreased with increase in build orientations for the AB samples. 0o AB sample showed best fatigue life among all the tested conditions.
Similarly, after heat treatment, the number of cycles to failure (Nf) was found to be decreased with increase in build orientation.
After heat treatment, number of cycle for fatigue failure improved significantly in AB additive samples.
The effects of heat treatment on the investigated AM components are ascribed to the formation of precipitates in the martensite matrix as well as the modification of other microstructural characteristics, i.e., phase volume fraction, grain size, and morphology [4].
Due to the coarse and equiaxed grains, as-received CM samples had the lowest tensile strength of all the samples tested.

A further increasement of Y content causes the grain columns with features of the zone T microstructure of Thornton's model[7] (Fig. 1 (c) and (d)).
The number of Cr deposited on substrates is not changed at a unit time, that is to say, the number of Al deposited on substrates increases.
During the sputtering process, the number of Al deposited on the substrates changed greatly at a unit time with increasing of Y contents in Al targets.
So the number of positive ions to Al targets at a unit time was a constant.
(2) The number of neutral particle increases above Al target containing Y when CrAlTiN layer is produced.

Introduction Air-suction seeder, is able to overcome many shortcomings of mechanical seeding device, has no strict requirements on seed geometric dimensions, easy to achieve single grain sowing, has the advantages of high operating speed and low rate of seed damage.The principle of air-suction in the precision seeder’s design has certain advantages, which is the main study direction of precision seeder [1~3].
The first chain reciprocal screw: The second chain reciprocal screw: The third chain reciprocal screw:, the chain reciprocal screw does not exist. 3.3 Calculation of parallel mechanism’s DOF Come to conclusion by the above calculation results: the number of common constraints λ=0, and the mechanism's order d=6-λ=6, redundant constraints is the constraints in the removal of common constraints, when removing the common constraints, the left t constraints constitute a k-screw, the redundant constraints: V=t-k=3-3=0, there are 0 redundant constraints.
DOF of the parallel mechanism: In which: M—the number of DOF, d—the order of the mechanism (d=6-λ), λ—the number of common constraints, n—the number of components including the rack, g—the number kinematics pair, fi—relative DOF number of the i-th kinematics pair,v is the number of redundant constraints, z is the number of local DOF. 3.4 Motion characteristics of parallel mechanism’s moving platform Parallel mechanism’s moving platform constraint screw matrix as follows: Get moving platform free kinematics screw as follows: Free movement of the moving platform is getting along z-axis, revolving around x-axis parallel and revolving around BC axis, the moving platform has three DOF and can meet the requirements of horizontal adjustment.

Fig. 1 Soft sphere contact model Fig. 2 Simulation device Simulation experiment Dry sand filling process is related to vibration parameters, shape of flask, buried depth and a number of factors, this article mainly uses three dimensional DEM to simulate dry sand filling process, and by investigating the number of dry sand filling direction to study the vibration effecting on dry sand filling movement.
Afterwards count the sand number of the key filling parts for getting the number of dry sand filling curve under the different directions vibration.
Fig. 4 Dry sand filling number curve Fig. 4 stands for the dry sand filling number curve of filling cavity Ⅰ under the different directions vibration, where X, Y, and Z denote respectively flask along the X, Y, Z one-way vibration, XY, XZ, YZ along the X, Y or X, Z or Y and Z directions vibration, XYZ along the X, Y, Z three directions vibration at the same time.
Refer to the 1DOF vibration, filling time is longer, limited fill number is less, which can't achieve full filling.
(3) Compared the three dimensional DEM with the traditional dynamics method, the former fully considers the interaction between the sand grains, greatly improves the accuracy of numerical simulation, which provides a new path and method for further research and perfect EPC method dry sand filling theory.

The radial distribution function (RDF) results of eutectic Al-Si alloy with Sr addition reveal that Sr can reduce the number of Si clusters in the melt [25].
For Eq. (2), n(R) is the number of Si clusters; ɑ is coefficient; k is the Boltzmann constant; T is the absolute temperature.
The increase of ΔG results in the number decrease of Si clusters (n(R)) with big size and the number increase of individual Si atoms.
Difference in the colors indicates large-angle grain boundaries, which means the crystal orientation is different during solidification.
Stetsenko, Effect of fine-grained structural Al-12%Si materials on morphologies and crystal defects of eutectic Si in HCC Al-12%Si alloy billets, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 541 (2012) 157-162

Samples varied either in the number of geogrid-reinforcement layers or in the relative compaction / in the content of crushed stone.
Some experimental studies [4, 5] indicate that mixing some coarse grains in loess and/or including geosynthetic-reinforcement may improve much the mechanical characteristics of the loess.
The reinforcement arrangements are shown in Figure 2, where n is the number of geogrid-reinforcement layers.

Improvement of tribological properties of titanium alloys can be obtained by using a number of surface layer modification techniques such as nitriding, boriding, physical vapour deposition (TiN, CrN, NbN, DLC, WC / C) [8-10], ion implementation (Ca, P, N, H, Mg) [11] and surface oxidation [17].
The structure of the laser cladded layers is characterized by high quality, low roughness and fine graining.
Pakieła, Structure and properties of ultra fine grained aluminium alloys after laser surface treatment, Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik, 47 (2016) 419-427. doi:10.1002/mawe.201600517 [5] H.
Huang, Grain morphology control and texture characterization of laser solid formed Ti6Al2Sn2Zr3Mo1.5Cr2Nb titanium alloy.
Hong, Simultaneous achievement of equiaxed grain structure and weak texture in Pure Titanium via selective laser melting and subsequent heat treatment, J.