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A Disposable Electrochemical Sensor Based on Poly-5-Amino-1-Naphthol Modified Electrode for the Quantification of Tyramine Gopika M.G.1,a, Aiswarya Raj R.1,b, Surya Gopidas1,c, Gokul S.Jayan1,d, Arathy P.S.1,e and Beena Saraswathyamma1,* 1Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri, India-690525 agopikamgopan@gmail.com, baiswaryathazhava@gmail.com, csuryagopidaskarickal@gmail.com, dgokulsjayan@gmail.com, earathysuryamitra@gmail.com *Corresponding author email: beenas@am.amrita.edu Keywords: 5-Amino-1-Naphthol (5,1-ANT), Tyramine (TA), Electrochemical Sensor, Voltammetry, Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE).
However, because the electrode surface is now coated with polymer, this flake-like structure is not visible in the modified PGE SEM image.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy was performed at Cochin University of Science and Technology's Department of Applied Chemistry.
Cereal chemistry 72, no. 2, 1995: 217-220,217 [23] Kall M.A.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58(2019) 4208-4221
J. of Molecular Structure, 1294 (2023)136563
Cheng, Highly Biocompatible, Underwater Superhydrophilic and Multifunctional Biopolymer Membrane for Efficient Oil–Water Separation and Aqueous Pollutant Removal, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(2018) 3879-3887
Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 6(2017)21-25

Groundwater chemistry further exacerbates these processes, with low pH (6.0–6.5) accelerating carbonate dissolution and high salinity (TDS 2,000–5,000 mg/L) promoting anhydrite breakdown in the Hith Formation [3, 32].
Dropout sinkholes affect shallow (1-5m) alluvial deposits above fractured limestone, where pipe leaks or intense rainfall rapidly destabilize soil structure, as seen along the Dammam Highway infrastructure corridor.
Hydrological investigations in eastern Saudi Arabia have identified groundwater extraction and water chemistry as primary drivers of sinkhole formation.
The groundwater chemistry further accelerates karst processes, with acidic conditions (pH 6.0-6.5) enhancing carbonate dissolution and high salinity (TDS 2,000-5,000 mg/L) promoting anhydrite breakdown in the Hith Formation [3, 32].

Utilization of Levoglucosan Production By-Products Kalvis Liepinsa *, Aivars Zhurinshb, Galina Dobelec Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes street 27, Riga, Latvia akalvis.liepins@kki.lv, baivarsz@edi.lv, cgalina.dobele@kki.lv Keywords: thermochemical wood processing, by-products, activation, porous structure.
The results of many studies have shown that highly porous biomass-based carbon materials have predominantly microporous structure [8-10].
Porous structure of activated carbon composites (ACC) was studied on the basis of nitrogen sorption at 77K.
It is demonstrated that consequently hydrothermally treated and NaOH activated carbon composites based on birch and spruce wood with a specific porous surface exceeding 2500 m2 g-1 have a micro-mesoporous structure.
Kruusenberg, Influence of Chemical Activation Temperatures on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Material Structure, Pore Size Distribution and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity, Catalysts. 11(12) (2021) 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/CATAL11121460 [10] A. 

Stereolithography (SLA) is a 3D printing technology that stands out because of its high dimensional accuracy and resolution, excellent surface finish, versatile modification of feedstock chemistry, and low cost of its printers.
However, its disadvantages are the requirement of support structures, use of hazardous resins, the feedstock is limited to curable materials, and the need for a faster curing time.

Geometry optimization aims to find a molecular geometry with minimum energy close to the actual structure in nature and relatively stable.
Syahri, Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and molecular docking of xanthone derivatives as anti-tuberculosis agents, J.
Peng, Prediction on the mutagenicity of nitroaromatic compounds using quantum chemistry descriptors based QSAR and machine learning derived classification methods, Ecotoxicol.
Al Harbi, Molecular structure, drug likeness and QSAR modeling of 1,2-diazole derivatives as inhibitors of enoyl-acyl- carrier protein reductase, J.
Mustofa, Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis (QSAR) of vincadifformine analogues as the antiplasmodial compounds of the chloroquinosensible strain, Indo.

The structure of the TPC-Fe7C3 carbide is orthorhombic.
To describe its structure, TP chains are used as building blocks and Fig. 2(a) represents a projection along [001].
The TPS-Fe3C structure is also orthorhombic and in the Pnma space group, its lattice parameters are a = 0.50876 nm, b = 0.6744 nm and c = 0.45248 nm [7].
The TPS-Fe5C2 structure is monoclinic: C2/c space group with a = 1.1563 nm, b = 0.4573 nm, c = 0.5058 nm and b = 97°44’[7].
Fig. 2 : (a) Projection of TP chain Fe7C3 structure along [001] with in the left side the two detailed projections of TP unit sets of fig. 1 (b) highlighting the positions of the TP units from the octahedra, (b) and (c) Projection of TPS-Fe3C structure along [001] and TPS-Fe5C2 structure along [010] showing the difference between the two TPS stacks (only one half of the TP units are drawn).

References [1] General Chemical Conversion Route to Synthesize Various ZnO-based Core/Shell Structures by Y.
[2] Type-II Core/Shell CdS/ZnSe Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Electronic Structures, and Spectroscopic Properties.
[15] Photoelectric properties of ZnO/Ag2S heterostructure and its photoelectric ethanol sensing characteristics Yu Zhanga, Bingkun Liua, Dejun Wanga, Yanhong Lina, Tengfeng Xiea, Jiali Zhaia Materials Chemistry and Physics 133 (2012) 834– 838
[17] Control of the shell structure of ZnO–ZnS core-shell by Structure by Woo Hyun Nam,Young Soo Lim, Won-Seon Seo, Hyung Koun Cho, Jeong Yong Lee J Nanopart Res 13(2011) 5825–5831
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Next, we take below layered structure lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2) as a positive electrode and graphite as a negative electrode as an example, to illustrate the lithium-ion battery charge and discharge process.
Currently more cathode material used, including the layered structure LiXO2, a spinel structure and the olivine structure LiXPO4 LiX2O4 compound (X = Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Fe, V, etc. 3d transition metal element) and ternary composite materials and so on.
All-solid polymer electrolyte is doped in a polymer matrix and salt complexes formed by adding inorganic nano-oxides or other dopants to form a solid electrolyte; gel polymer electrolyte refers to the polymer/salt added to the system a certain amount of polar organic small molecules to form a gel polymer electrolyte system; microporous polymer electrolyte means that the polymer matrix has a large number of porous structure, a plasticizer and salt present in the polymer matrix of porous structure .
Canova, et al., Structure of additives in β″–alumina and zirconia superionic conductors[J], Solid State Ionics, 1986, 18-19: p. 1115 [2] S.
Wieczorek, Ionically conducting polyether composites[J], Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1996, 74: p. 2106 [4] J.

Furthermore, various morphologies and structures of PSPs were investigated in detail.
Results and Discussion Influence of HNO3 concentration on structure of PSP in stain etching.
In Fig. 1(b), the PSPs structure shows uniform “net-like” with pore diameter about 200~500 nm.
It can be seen that all PSPs surfaces show "sponge-like" structure.
Lu, Reaction of porous silicon with both end-functionalized organic compounds bearing omega-bromo and omega-carboxy groups for immobilization of biomolecules, Journal Of Physical Chemistry B, 109(2005) 20620-20628