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The use of these materials offers a number of advantages including higher operation temperature, decreased weight, greater efficiency, lower life-cycle cost, and reduced dependency on the use of strategic materials.
Statistical and uncertainty analyses were not performed as part of the study due to the limited number of test samples evaluated at different test conditions.
SEM analysis showed that the CVD mullite coatings were comprised of fine cubic grains of ~0.3-0.5µ size (Fig. 1a).
The composition of the dark color grains on the surface showed Si and O, while the larger, light-contrast and glassy phases contained Si, La, Y and O.
SEM images of the coating surfaces after the test showed that mullite grains became more shapeless (Fig. 6 b), probably due to sintering.

For predictive purposes, a number of methodologies has been developed, which allows to quantitatively describe the influence of flaws which possess the ability to provoke cleavage fracture.
Thereby, the underlying mechanism for the triggering of cleavage fracture is based on the generation of microcracks, which is described by the movement of dislocations in favorably orientated grains and the corresponding formation of uneven distributed stress fields within the grains [7, 8].
In the presence of sufficiently high stress fields, grain boundary carbides may fracture which is believed to be the cause of microcrack generation in the microstructure of mild steels [9].
The σc value can differ greatly, as the microstructure and the grain size play a major role for the estimation of the magnitude of the critical stress value σc [10, 11].
(2) m and σu are the Weibull parameters and σ1 describes the first principal stress. npl represents the number of all in the loading history so far plastified volume elements.

Hot air drying is still the most common method used in the agroindustry for processing and preserving grains and seeds, but its main drawback is the high energy consumption.
The equilibrium moisture content was considered to be zero, since a prolonged exposition of the material to IR radiation causes complete removal of moisture inside the grain.
This number of terms ensured a deviation of only 0.5% for the initial period of drying (Fo = 0).
Cenkowski, Grain Drying.
Prado, Performance evaluation of an infrared heating-assisted fluidized bed dryer for processing bee-pollen grains, Chem.

Applying this technique, mechanical quantities, ie stress, strain and microstructural properties, such as grain size, and heat treatment are investigated.
The present paper aims at calibrating the magnetic field, of an excitation coil of known specifications (number of windings, cross-sectional geometry, length, material), using a Hall sensor and finite element (FE) analysis.
(2) where I is the current of the excitation coil, N is the number of turns, L is the coil length in m and R the coil radius in m.
Calibration of the air region in terms of averaged values for Hmax Number of FE Air region (mxmxm) Hmax Error 300764 0.1x0.1x0.1 1541.2 -0.07 157465 0.08x0.08x0.08 1546.5 -0.08 64001 0.06x0.06x0.06 1544.7 -0.08 19684 0.04x0.04x0.04 1548.2 -0.08 86401 0.06x0.08x0.06 1544.7 -0.08 Furthermore, the mesh density of the air region is calibrated and the results are presented in Table 3.
Calibration of the mesh density in terms of averaged values for Hmax Number of FE Element size edge length (mm) Hmax Error 289 10 1177.0 0.18 2305 5 1460.6 -0.02 18433 2.5 1529.5 -0.07 10801 3 1509.0 -0.05 86408 1.5 1558.4 -0.09 Taking under consideration the error and the solution time, that increases as the number of FE increases, it is concluded that an element size edge length of 2.5 mm can be used and a 60x60x80 mm brick of air volume should be modeled around the coil.

There has been a growing interest in developing ultrafine-grained steels in order to get high strength with good ductility [1].
from the sample center, N is number of HPT turns and t is the thickness of sample.
A linear relationship between the MS value and the martensite volume fraction (Ca) was assumed [4] to be Ca=MS/MS0 (1) 10 Figure.4 Volume fraction of a¢ as a function of number of turns.
Figure.5 Volume fraction of a¢ (estimated by VSM) as a function of number of turns: (a) [5rpm,N=n]+[0.2rpm,N=5]; (b) [0.2rpm,N=5]+[0.2rpm,N=n] 48 49 50 (a) (b) 1) Austenite stabilization.
It is clear that a¢-martensite decreased with the subsequent increasing number of turns at 5rpm.

In generally, the direct trust value of the peer is evaluated with the traditional method which uses the ratio between the number of successful direct transactions and the number of all direct transactions.
(1) DT(u,v) denotes the direct trust value of the peer v evaluated by the peer u that has a direct relationship of trust with v, letter s denotes the number of successful direct transactions, letter f denotes the number of unsuccessful direct transaction.
The letter l is the pair peers number having direct transactions in each rule.
[3] LI Jun-qing, LI Xin-you, XIE Sheng-xian, LUO Hong-bin and LIU Guang-liang, “Research on dynamic fine grained access control in P2P networks,” Application Reseach of Computers, Vol.26, No. 4, Apr. 2009, pp. 1467-1470

The parent vesicles are prepared by coarse-grained lipid-like amphiphile molecules.
All the simulations are carried out in the NVT ensemble with constant particle number N, simulation box volume V, and temperature kBT = 1.
The total number of particles used in the simulation is 270 000 at a particle density of ρ= 3 r0-3 in a box of size 35×70×35 r03.
Time dependences of particle-pairs number.
The variation of energy is close related to the number of particle-pair.

It is recommended to count the number of diamond particles on the matrix surface and get the embedding strength of diamond by calculation.
The author suggested calculating the embedding strength of the diamond via counting the number of diamond on the surface of the matrix.
The principle is shown as below: The number of diamond per centimeter square on the matrix surface is calculated using the following equation: (1) Where N——the number of diamond particle per centimeter square, particle/cm2 c——concentration of the diamond Β——Coefficient of diamond exposed, d/p is the exposing height of the diamond.
D——the diameter of the diamond G——Calculation of the coefficient of diamond grain size.For the 50/60,60/70 SMD diamond,g=0.76; for the 70/80,80/100SMD diamond, g=0.59.

The paper adopted Z-axis as rotation axis of the pump, utilized Pro/E software to process three dimensional model, adopting unstructured grid numbered 310868，as figure 1 shows that.
The grain density is 2600 kG/m3.
TO cut down on the length of paper, the follow only provided the simulate result for particle size is 1mm and 12mm under volume fraction numbered 0.2.
As the four figure shows from figure 2 to figure 5, the paper draws some conclusions as follow: 1）For large particles, they mainly distribute in the field near impeller hub and middle impeller passage, their number are more than that near the cover field.
For large particles，they mainly distribute in the field near impeller hub and middle impeller passage，their number are more than that near the cover field.

Maximum number of cycles is N = 10 7.
(1) The cutting radius data of all particles is rearranged into large order, and the data of the accumulation number * AM is obtained
(2) (Mvo: Particle number per 1µm3 when R ≥≥≥≥ Rc , Nvo: All particle number per 1 µm3, R: Radius of spherical particle, λ, ν: constant values) ( ) ( ) νν ν λ rD rM A ⋅−= − 1ln ln 2/1* , ( ) 00 2/ 2 ν ν λνπ NA D = (3) ( * AM : The number of grain whose a cut radius is more than r per control area, A0: control area) Estimation for fatigue limit.
(4) Table1 Chemical composition(mass%) Fig. 1 The microstructure Fig. 2 Geometry of test piece for fatigue test Fig. 4 Micrographs showing fatigue crack growth under σa=140MPa Al Zn Mn Si Cu Ni Fe Ca AZX312D(X=Ca) 3.6 0.72 0.39 0.006 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.97 AZX912D(X=Ca) 9.43 0.65 0.24 0.006 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.98 AMX602B(X=Ca) 5.98 0.0024 0.34 0.029 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.89 50µµµµm Fig. 6 Definition of area of inclusion 50µµµµm 104 105 106 107 50 100 150 200 AZX312D(X=Ca) AZX912D(X=Ca) AMX602B(X=Ca) Number