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The Effect of Gadolinium Ion Doping on Electronic Conductivity of LiFePO4/C Iman Rahayu1,a*, Engela Evy Ernawati1,b, Atiek Rostika Noviyanti1,c, Yusra Linda1,d, Diana Rakhmawaty1,e, Anggi Suprabawati1,f, Anni Anggraeni1,g, Husein Hernandi Bahti1,h and Sahrul Hidayat2,i 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl.
The Gadolinium (Gd) element has a special electronic structure (4f half full electron shell).
Gd3+ was chosen as a dopant because it has a special electronic structure (4f electron shell filled half full).
This occurs because the addition of Gd3+ can substitute a small portion of Fe2+ which causes irregularity in the crystal structure of LiFePO4/C.
This is caused by overdoping which can lead to changes in the structure of LiFePO4/C thereby reducing the conductivity value.

The crystal structure and morphology of the prepared samples were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transition electron microscopy (TEM), respectively.
The crystal structure of the as-prepared samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8) using Cu K α (λ = 0.15418 nm) radiation at 40 kV and 60mA in a 2θ range from 10° to 80° at room temperature.
The crystal structure of the as-prepared samples was firstly characterized by XRD.
Fig.2a shows the overall morphology of the sample, which indicates that the obtained product consists of large quantities of rod-like structures.
The surface morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of the prepared SnO2 were investigated.

Herein, a novel structure of Al thin film coated with SiO2 was designed by EMP and fabricated on glass substrate by magnetron sputtering.
For these bi-layer structures, Al films exposed in the air will be unavoidably oxidized by the oxygen, which results in a decreased reflectivity when the SiO2 thickness is less than 230 nm.
The results revealed that this bilayer structure has a good aging resistance and fit for outdoor use.
The reflective materials with an optimum structure of glass/Al (50 nm)/SiO2 (230 nm) have the highest reflectivity of 89.51%.
This kind of structure also shows good anti-aging and anti-abrasion performances, demonstrating the potential applications in solar energy industry.

Introduction The synthesis route to porous silica using surfactant micelles as the structure-directing agent has led to the discovery of various mesoporous molecular sieves such as MCM-41 (hexagonal structure with P6m symmetry), MCM-48 (cubic Ia3d), SBA-l (cubic Pm3n), MSU-l (sponge-like disordered) and KIT-l (disordered network).
This material features high specific surface area, high pore volume, with large uniform pore size, finding many applications in chemistry [2].
According to the data in Table 1, it is possible to verify that the MCM-41 (BCSA) showed high percentage of silicon oxide (SiO2), which was expected because the structure of MCM-41 molecular sieve consists solely of silica.
The diffratogram of the molecular sieve mesoporous MCM-41 (BCSA) presented a typical spectrum, with peak indexed a (1 0 0), which is characteristic of the hexagonal lattice symmetry of the MCM-41 structure [1, 13].
The spectrum still shows a band of low intensity at 962 cm-1, MCM-41 shows this band due to the large number of silanol groups in its structure, this being more intense than the band metal is incorporated.

Some emphasized the physical essence of mental atomic combination, the mental surface condition of the combination, and the variational character of organization structure of metallic crystal.
Quantum chemistry ab initio computing method gets two interatomic mutual binding energies in the different distance, and according to (2) gets the interatomic interactional pair potential.
In fact not only the value is small at distant range, but also the electronic structure of atomic and surface on the two kind of metallic crystal surface state is different from double atoms.
It gets the image of interface diffusion atoms position in the simulation time and the information of inter-diffusion regional structure change in the process of diffusion reaction.
It sets the Cu atoms of face-centered cubic structure.

Three types of semi-crystalline alumino-silicate structure are formed.
The structure is compact, the occurrence of local cracking is caused by autogenous shrinkage.
The structure is still de facto compact.
The use of Geopolymers in Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete structures, Advanced Materials Research, 2013.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, Volume 38, Pages 3932 – 3941.

Result and discussion: The XRD peaks shown in figure 1 (a) indicate hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO and the lattice constant values are shown in table 1.
The characteristic peaks of the prepared CeO2 were indexed to cubic structure and the lattice constant values are similar to JCPDS file no: 65-2975.
One of Hexagonal structure of ZnO and another of cubic structure of CeO2.
The HR-SEM image confirms the formation of nanorods and the structure of the composite materials were identified by XRD.
Network Structured SnO2/ZnO Heterojunction Nanocatalyst with High Photocatalytic Activity.

But it is not easy to study the evolution of nanostructure of the powders during spraying which is essential for controlling the structure and properties of the coatings.
The problem is in the preparation of an appropriate composite structure from the phases dramatically differing in mechanical properties.
Fig.2, a presents the evidence of dense and uniform structure of the cold sprayed TiB2-Cu coating.
Cold sprayed coatings showed higher hardness compared to detonation sprayed coatings due to the uniform fine-grained structure.
In the case of detonation sprayed coatings, the size of the particles grew compared to that in the powders and the coatings exhibited particular lamellar structure.

Their chemical structures are shown in Figure 2.
POSS-NH2 monomer BADCy Figure 2 Chemical structures of POSS-NH2 monomer and BADCy Preparation of specimens.
On the other hand, POSS of large three dimension chemical structure may affect curing reaction and limit the final conversion.
They systematically discussed the chemical structures and mechanical properties of the products.
Organic Chemistry, Higher Education Press, 2nd edition, p. 1991

Magnetite, Fe II Fe2III O4 contains Fe II as well as Fe III in its structure.
The d values calculated from the XRD pattern were well indexed to the inverse spinel cubic structure of magnetite.
It was found that the crystalline structure of Fe3O4 particles was not changed before and after the surface modification.
This could be attributed to electrostatic interactions and protein conformational structure changed.
The BSA undergo conformational changes at different pHs and could preserve most of their original structure at their isoelectronic points.