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Raof1,2,d 1Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic UniversityMalaysia, P.O.Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia am_7sky1685@yahoo.com, bjaharah@eng.ukm.my, cchase@eng.ukm.my, dtasha0812@gmail.com *Corresponding author.
In the area of tribology, surface roughness has become one of the most important factors that contributed to the evaluation of part quality during machining operation.
The superior of specific properties such as high resistance to creep, high toughness and strength at elevated temperature, and good resistance to chemical degradation and wear have made this alloy well suited for service in extreme environments especially for high temperature application.
However, its small thermal conductivity and specific heat volume lead to high cutting temperature and its superior mechanical properties also have result to high cutting force.
It is claimed that in cutting superalloys material, due to their low thermal conductivity combined to a high chemical reactivity and adhesion with tool materials [5], temperature at the tool tip area seriously increases, and drastically affects tool wear [6, 7].

ANOVA was performed to find out the significance of each factor.
With the emergence of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Micro Wire Electric Discharge Machining (µ-WEDM) has made a significant inroad in the fields of medical, optical, aerospace, mould, tool and die making industries. µ-WEDM process involves the complex erosion effect by rapid, repetitive and discrete spark discharges between the wire tool electrode and workpiece immersed in a liquid dielectric medium.
From the analysis of variance and normal probability plot, it is observed that the significant factor affecting surface roughness in aluminium is the capacitance.
From the ANOVA, the capacitance is observed as the most significant factor.
In this work, a unique approach for modeling and optimization of µ-WEDM process is developed using theoretical modeling by considering thermophysical properties.

The interaction of an optotelecommunication cable and casing depends on numerous factors e.g. the type of cable, its structure, dimensions, as well as applied lubricants and sliding layers [8].
In order to obtain the required working quality of a telecommunication line throughout its working life, the cables undergo tests involving evaluation of their transmission properties and mechanical durability (i.e. resistance to stretching, bending and tearing).
Owing to the ability to reflect actual conditions, the following analyses may be conducted at the robotised testing station: kinematics and motion velocity, pressure affecting the construction, evaluation of temperature and the contact area, etc.

Research on the Influence of Tool Wear on Cutting Performance in High-Speed Milling of Difficult-to-Cut Materials Zhaoju Zhu1,a , Jie Sun1,b,* ,Laixiao Lu1,c 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Machinery Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250061，China azhuzhaoju0216@163.com, bsunjie@sdu.edu.cn, clulaixiao@163.com Keywords: high-speed milling; difficult-to-cut materials; tool wear; cutting performance Abstract.
Introduction In recent years, with the rapid development of the aerospace, aviation, automotive, military, instrumentation, communications engineering, electronic industry and machinery manufacturing industries, the using of new materials became more and more, and these materials were high mechanical properties, chemical stability, resistance to high temperature and high pressure, can be adapted to a variety of special working environment, they become an important factor to promote technology development in these areas.
Its own characteristics determines difficult machining[5~7], mainly displays in: (1) low thermal conductivity, high cutting temperature, thereby seriously affecting the knives' service life and processing surface quality integrity; (2) the modulus of elasticity is small, the spring-back phenomenon is serious, led to increasing tool wear, cause and aggravate cutting chatter; (3) high chemical activity, tool life is short; (4) small deformation coefficient, the unit cutting force.
It could be seen clearly from the table, with the increase of wear, cutting force was also growing, and the change trend of which was similar in the process of the tool life, which resulted in increased cutting force were the main factors of the increase of the amount of tool wear.

However, solid propellants are prone to aging during long-term storage, affecting their mechanical properties and combustion properties, resulting in a decline in weapon performance, and a huge loss of combat effectiveness[1].
The aging characteristics of solid propellants include: appearance changes, physical and chemical property changes, mechanical property changes, electrical properties changes and changes in the interfacial bonding strength of the column/lining layer (insulation layer), usually The more significant changes are the changes in the mechanical properties, interfacial bonding properties and electrical properties of the solid propellant.
Study on aging properties of HTPB solid propellant[D].
Main curve of tensile mechanical properties and strength of heat-aging modified bibase propellant[J].
Properties and principles of solid propellant[M].

Of course in order to investigate the actual effect of trees on indoor thermal comfort we should take into consideration a list of other factors: such as orientation the type and thermal properties of the windows / transparent structures used, and the thermal transmittance values and heat storage capacity of the building.
If we have taken into consideration the mentioned factors during simulation we can prove the effectiveness of vegetation for each case.
The complex factors of urban surface geometry and anthropogenic heat production creates a specific local climate: the urban climate.
The calculations use lookup tables, with the help of reduction factors.
Gulyás, Urban heat island development affected by urban surface factors, Időjárás 104 (2000) 253-268

Introduction Interest for using high-strength zirconium oxide ceramics for the fabrication of computer- manufactured full coverage crowns and bridge frameworks is growing in recent years, due to their improved mechanical properties in comparison to more conventional alumina or lithium disilicate- based ceramics [1].
The control group (A) underwent no mechanical surface treatment following sintering.
To avoid the influence of other factors, this study chose hand grinding as the single pretreatment to get the zirconia surface with similar structure.
In other words, we should all relevant economic factors that have a bearing on the state of the shear bond strength in clinic use.
Within the limitations of this study, multiple factors may influence the shear bond strength in clinic, such as the temperature, load and other mechanical or chemical factors in month [7].

Therefore, the dynamic factor is to be .
Accordingly, the curvature of the monorail section affected by the dynamic load accounts for .
Fig. 3a depicts the graph showing the dependence of the monorail section curvature affected by the dynamic load which is moved along coordinate.
True, Dynamics of Railway and Rail/Wheel Contact, Dynamical Analysis of Vehicle Systems, CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences 497 (2009) 75-128
International Centre for Mechanical Sciences Springer-Verlag, Wien-New York, 1982

However, there are few reports on the tribological properties of QBe2 so far, so it has great significance to study its tribological properties, wear resistant mechanism and the influencing factors.
The wear resistant property usually requires not only itself with good wear resistant but also its couple, and the two together constitute the mechanical system of the wear resistant property.
In addition, the actual using environments such as different surface roughness, loads and corrosion period under acidity will affect the tribological properties of the material.
The tribological properties are showed in Figs. 6 and 7.
The prior corrosion process reduces the tribological properties on the whole.

Li et al. [8] examined the effects of the number of extrusion passes and the processing routes on the mechanical properties of PC.
Xia et al. [10] found that the crystallinity and the molecular orientation are the major factors affecting the dynamic mechanical properties of semicrystalline polyethylene terephthalate (PET) extruded by ECAE.
Its thermal properties were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.
The mechanical measurements were achieved at room temperature on an electromechanical Instron© testing machine.
It is also of interest to complete this study by mechanical and morphological characterization of the material after ECAE deformation.