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Mild steels were the most frequently used materials in industries and factories since it possesses unique properties but due to weak environmental changes, these cause deterioration and corrosion to the materials’ surface.
These characteristics make it a superior construction material when compared to other engineering materials [2-4].
[4] William D C and David G R 2009 Material Science and Engineering: An Introduction 8th ed.
Journal of basic & Applied Sciences, 8(2)
Materials and Corrosion 66.7 (2015): 635-642.

The use of composite materials in large structures has increased in recent years.
Introduction Composite materials have been used in the aircraft industry over the past three decades for their excellent specific mechanical properties.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by DAHER-Socata and CRCC-Resource and Competencies Center for Composite Materials.
Composites Science and Technology 66, 1067-1080 (2006)
Journal of composite materials (2002)

Materials and Methods Commercially pure titanium was cut into cylinder bars � 3 x12mm.
References [1] Andreas F.Von Recum: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol.18 (1984), p. 323-336 [2] B.Chehroudi, T.R.L.Gould and D.M.Brunette: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 26 (1992), p.493-515 [3] J.A.Jansen, Y.G.C.J.Paquay, J.P.C.M.van der Waerden: Biomaterials, Vol. 28(1994), p.1047-1054 [4] M.Gerritsen, Y.G.C.J.Paquay, J.A.Jansen: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, Vol. 9 (1008), p. 523-528 [5] J.A.Jansen, J.P.C.M.Van der Waerden, J.G.C.Wolke: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, Vol. 4 (1993), p. p.466-470 [6] B.C.Yang, Y.Wu, M.Tang, J.Y.Cheng, X.D.Zhang: Chinese Materials Conference 2002,10, D69 Fig.5 SEM-EDX photograph about Ca and P on the interface on the different Ti at 8 weeks A: anode oxidized Ti B: sandblasted Ti C B A Ti Ti tissue tissue

Dobrzanski, Material properties and structure of thick-walled elements made of steel 7CrMoVTiB10-10 after long-term annealing, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 58 (2012) 5-12
Mustafa, A study on damages in alloyed super heater tubes of thermal power station, Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences 14 (2007) 19-23
Whittenberger, Long term creep-rupture behavior of 813K exposed 2.25Cr-1Mo steel between 773 and 873K, Materials Science and Engineering A 454 (2007) 124-131
Quadakkers, Steam oxidation and its potential effects on creep strength of power station materials, Materials and Corrosion 56 (2005) 890-896
Almeida, Microstructural degradation of boiler tubes due to the presence of internal oxide layer, Journal of Materials Research and Technology 1 (2012) 109-116

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Donor and Acceptor Substituted Conjugated Polytetraphenylethenes Jia-Hai Ye Schoolt of Chemical Engineering University of Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing, 210094, P.R.China Keywords: Tetraphenylethene, Polymer, Synthesis.
Introduction Over the last few decades, conjugated polymer(CPs) based organic optoelectronic materials displaying strong absorption and emission properties have received great scientific attention.1 The advantages that CPs possess over inorganic optoelectronic materials include ease of fabrication via solution-based processing techniques and the ability to modify the electronic properties of the material through chemical synthesis.
Moreover, key advantage of these materials is the ability to tune the electronic and optical properties on the molecular level via synthetic modification.
Song, et al, “Synthesis and Characterization of Polyfluorenevinylene with Cyano Group and Carbazole Unit” Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2009, 6540–6551
Wang, et al, “A Solution-Processible Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) without Alkyl Substitution: Introducing the cis-Vinylene Segments in Polymers Chain for Improved Solubility, Blue Emission, and High Efficiency” Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2008, 5242-5250.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 211(2011): 1126-1135
Materials and Design, 31(2010): 3299-3307
Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 31(2011): 28-32
Materials Processing Technology, 129(2002): 412-417
Fan, Multiscale Analysis for Deformation and Failure of Materials, M.

Introduction Concrete-filled steel tube structures effectively combine the advantages of two materials: steel tube and concrete, which have many advantages such as convenient construction, high bearing capacity, good ductility and toughness.
This new joint is appropriate to avoid the shortcomings of several other joints which have many advantages such as simple structure, convenient processing and installation, good integrality, safety and saving material.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (50908015), Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2011JM7002) and Ph.D.
[4] J M Ricles, S W Peng, L W Lu: Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 130(2004), p. 223-232
Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2005, in Chinese

Beijing: Science Press, 2009
Journal of Structure Engineering,Vol.128,No.9:1169-1176 [3]Chen Yu, Benjamin W S.
Journal of Structural Engineering, 2003, 129(12): 1596~1606 [4]Ben Young, Gregory J H.
Journal of Structural Engineering, 2001, 127(3): 264~270 [6]Ahmad Ali Ghosn.
Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science) 2009 (4)

Introduction During the production process of rice grains there appear large volumes of wastes in the form of straw, fruit shells and husk bran, which chemical composition allows us to consider them as a renewable raw material for the preparation of various functional materials [1].
Development of an integrated scheme of sequential extraction of valuable components from plant materials require complete information about chemicals depending on the cultivar and the type of waste.
Vasiliuk: Russian Chemical Journal (Journal of DI Mendeleev Chemical Society) Vol. 48, N 3 (2004), p. 116-122
Maiorov: Inorganic Materials Vol. 50 N 1 (2014), p. 82-89
Galimova: Chemistry of Plant Raw Materials Vol. 2 (2007) p. 21-25

Introduction Aromatic polyesters, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) are outstanding materials in engineering plastics and industry products.
However, these materials still have some undesirable properties, which limit their application.
Bian: Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics.
Kim: Macromolecular Materials and Engineering.
Wippel, Colloid & Polymer Science.