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The final polishing was performed with a diamond paste showing 1µm grains. a) b) c) Fig. 1: Specimens geometries: a) DLCspecimen; b) and c) specimens with circumferential notches 10 mm and 2 mm respectively.
The amplitudes were varied to achieve different life times (number or cycles to failure).
The experimental observations show that visible macro cracks appear on the surface of DLC-specimens after Pt. 1 during a relatively small number of cycles.
Finally, for the prediction of the cyclic life time of Al2024 the function of the plastic stored energy [8] 40 80 120 160 0 100 200 300 400 500a) Stress, [MPa] Number of cycles, [-] Tension Compression 12 1 10 100 1000 1E-3 0,01 0,1 ∆εp, [-] NR, [-] Experimental (DLC) Coffin-Manson Desmorat-Lemaitre b) Fig. 2: Mechanical response of DLC specimens: a) absolute maximum value of tension and compression stresses in a particular cycle ( 120;0063.0 = =∆ R p ( ε ); b) amplitude of plastic strains pε∆ versus number of cycles to rupture R( . ( ) ( ) D t mm s w C dtrr m A br Rw ≤+ −−= ∫ − ∞ 2 0 1 4 3 )exp(1 X& (1) has to be calibrated.
All important physical quantities, such as the number of cycles to rupture or the location of crack initiation, are realistically predicted.

The peak at 1580 cm -1 assigned to G band due to SP2 cluster configuration inside the film, while the peak at 1350 cm -1 assigned to D band is due to disorder configuration of the grain boundaries.
The wave numbers at 1300-1220 cm -1 could be attributed to C-C bending modes both sp 2 and sp3 carbon.
"CP1" represents partial coating of DLC film on lithium metal electrode which dimension of each 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Si wafer(520cm -1 ) Intensity[Arb.Unit] Raman shift (cm-1) G band (1580) D band (1350) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 arometic SP 2 , C-C SP 3 , CH2 Transmittance( arb. unit) Wave number (cm -1 ) SP 2 , C-C 2820, 2890 Olefinic SP 2 /Sp 3 DLC coating sector is 1.5 × 1.5mm.
Table 1 shows the irreversible capacity and the cycle number which observed eighty percent of initial capacity for four different of surface morphologies aforementioned.
Comparison of irreversible capacity and the cycle number which shows 80% of initial capac ity for various surface coating morphologies on Li electrode sample item L0 CH CP1 CP2 Irreversible capacity (mAh/g) 12 6 15 10 The cycle number which shows 80% of initial capacity 15 10 26 30 Fig. 4 compares the change in surface morphology between bare lithium electrode and DLC film partially coated lithium electrode.

According to its different causes of occurring, noise can be divided into Gaussian noise, impulse noise, grain noise.
After the sorting is completed, if the number of elements is odd, then take the middle value as the value of the output; If the number of elements is even, then take the mean of two number located in the middle of the group as the output.
In accordance with the characteristics of the image itself, there exist a large number of identical or similar gray areas in the image, and these areas usually appear in a same location.
PSNR=10 (1) Wherein u (m, n) is the gray value of the original image; v (m, n) is the gray value of filtered image, and M, N are the numbers of horizontal and vertical pixels.

Sound N management practices need to be established to improve N use efficiency leading to high grain yield levels and minimal fertilizer N loss to the environment.
The growth status of rice plants, including height, panicles per hole, and spikelet number per panicle were recorded.
The effective panicles and panicle number per plant under the treatment of 300 kg ha-1 was higher than other treatments.
Maximum mean grain yield was obtained at 270 (N2) kg N ha-1.
At the milk grain ripening stage, chlorophyll content from the four N fertilizer treatments was higher than the control.

The thickness of the ZnO film was varied by changing the number of coatings from 2 to 12.
We also note that the shoulder height decreases with the number of ZnO coatings increase.
Soleimanpour et al reported that when the thickness of film increased the grain size also increased and film coverage improved which caused a higher dispersion of the incident light [30] .
The obtained ZnO gap value is about 3.2 eV and does not practically change with the number of ZnO coatings number increasing.
We can observe that the degradation rate increases with ZnO coatings number increase from 2 to 6, and then it decreases when the number of ZnO coatings increases from 6 to 12.

The amount of thrust and the thrust profile, which may be obtained from a specific grain design, is mainly determined by the propellant composition and the manufacturing process that produces the solid propellant.
However, the quality of the finished grain is mainly due to the manufacturing process.
Aluminum has the symbol Al and atomic number 13.

There is a constant need for production engineering developments ranging from purity degree - that is producing molten metal with high cleanness - to grain refinement and alloy improving including heat treatment technologies.
Figure 1: Hardness depending on different heat treatment parameters Table 2: Standard deviation of the hardness results - depending on different heat treatment parameters Serial number of the different heat treatments SD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Figure 2: Tensile strength depending on different heat treatment parameters Table 3: Standard deviation of the tensile strength results - depending on different heat treatment parameters Serial number of the different heat treatments 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Figure 3: Elongation depending on different heat treatment parameters Table 4: Standard deviation of the elongation results - depending on different heat treatment parameters Serial number of the different heat treatments 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Between 1000 ˚C ~ 1200 ˚C temperature range, reaction speed is improved, at the entrance of coke porosity, CO2 has a large number of consumption, thus weakened the internal reaction.
At this time for the influence of the reaction rate of coke with CO2 mainly comes from chemical reactions. 2)When the temperature increase to 1000˚C ~ 1200 ˚C range, reaction speed is improved, CO2 at the entrance of coke porosity has a large number of consumption.
An image-analysis technique to measure grain-size variation in thin sections of soft clastic sediments sedimentary Geology, 1998(21): 289-298.

The shear deformation is related to the number of twisting, shear strain L nrπ γ 2 = (where r is the radius of wire, L is the length of wire, n is the number of turn).
Zone A includes one or more grains, and it undergoes a smaller shear deformation and a rigid body rotation during torsion.

All samples showed a similar microstructure of long and thin plate-like grains.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia under research grant number ERGS/1/2011/STG/UKM/01/25 and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia under grant number UKM-DLP-2011-018 REFERENCES [1] A.