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Their properties affect the final steel surface quality and its response to further processing.
Controlling the oxide layer growth kinetics and mechanical properties can make pickling easier and improve downstream behaviour.
Its properties, depending on the steel chemistry and the process conditions, have an important impact on the final surface quality.
Hot strip users' requirements on scale properties are particularly strict to warrant material good response to subsequent processing steps like pickling, stamping, laser cutting or direct coating.
Obviously enough, thickness is a determinant factor of tertiary scale properties, as temperature and time also are, because oxidation rate increases exponentially with time [2].

Introduction The shrinkage and creep of the concrete are two important elastic-plasticity mechanical properties related to time, they directly affect the strength and durability of concrete materials.
Influence factors of concrete shrinkage and creep are the composition of concrete materials, the mixture ratio, temperature, humidity, curing conditions surrounding environment, cross-sectional area of members, concrete age, stress and properties.
Where is influence factor of temperature and humidity, , T is surrounding temperature, RH is surrounding relative humidity；is influence factor of specimen shape, , f cu for 28-day cubic compressive strength of concrete (MPa).

When the gross weight of wine is 1kg and truck smoothly runs: Longitudinal force is calculated below: (16) Similarly ,lateral force and vertical force can be acquired as below: (17) (18) After referring to relevant literature [3,4] , the values are given below: μ = 0.4, g = 10N / M, when m = 1kg, it is easy to get the values of forces shown below: Because of the complicated and changeable process of truck running,which will be impacted greatly by weather, temperature, humidity, human factors and etc ,it is necessary to compensate the force values.
Considering factors to greatest extent, here it is recommended to make 10% correction of the above force values (ie, ).
The mechanical properties of the honeycomb paper core is shown in table 1 below: Table 1 Properties of honeycomb paper Performance parameters of the base paper material Quantitative (g/m2) 150 Temperature() 30 Relative Humidity 50% Elastic modulus of the base paper material E(GPa)[6] 0.6398 Poisson's ratio ν [5] 0.28 Theoretically, when the relevant datas are brought into related equations, σ is a function of θ.
During the transportation of wine, the honeycomb paper core is under three-dimensional stress .The Young’s modules in three directions are related to the dimensional parameters of honeycomb paper core, especially the stretching angel, which will greatly affects the stress of honeycomb paper core. 2.

A lot of delivery systems were developed such as scaffolds, membranes, nanoparticles functionalized with drugs or growth factors in order to increase the success rate in bone regeneration.
Magnesium has significant properties such as biodegradability, mechanical, electrochemical and biological characteristics comparable with natural bone [11].
The most important properties of these materials include biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical behavior similar to cortical bone [13].
Wu, Effect of submicron size SiC particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium matrix composites, Mater.
Chai, Microstructure, mechanical property, bio-corrosion and cytotoxicity evaluations of Mg/HA composites, Mater.

Of all the problems that deteriorate the properties of heavy steel ingots, inclusions, macro-segregation, and shrinkage porosity are the most significant ones since it is highly difficult to reduce those defects by subsequent thermo-mechanical treatments [1].
Inclusions in steels are known to exert both harmful and beneficial influences on their some properties.
So the properties of the final product could be improved if the way of forging can be carried out in a more proper way.
In this study, the boundary condition of FEM simulation modeling is shown in Fig.3, the properties of inclusion and matrix used in FEM are summarized in Table 2.
The matrix continuity of the steels are destroyed, the micro-crack was nucleated on the inclusions firstly, propagated due to stress concentration. 2) The banded structure is the secondary factor on affecting crack formation in low carbon manganese steels. 3) Crack initiation and propagation is much easier when segregation, banded structure and large and grid inclusions defects exist simultaneously.

Ekhuemelo and Tor [9] assessed the fibre of corn husk and reported that its physical properties are comparable with other non-wood plants.
Corn husks were mixed with banana stems and pineapple leaves to produce pulp and their properties were compared with commercial papers.
Various testing were carried out to compare the properties of the papers made from different waste fibres with commercial papers.
Fibre length is an important parameter for pulp properties because the pulp strength is directly proportional to fibre length.
However, some fibres would be damaged by mechanical action in the mechanical pulping process.

Introduction Because of their excellent combination between their physical and mechanical properties, Al and its alloys are situated in an interesting position as concern their use in several industrial applications.
Additionally, due to a large variety of different arrangements of cations and anions, the physico-chemical properties of ILs can be highly tunable [7].
Figure 1 Photograph of the device used for the deposition Results and Discussion The investigation regards some details on how the chloride rich environment affects the surface and/or sub-surface of the elements, which during deposition comes in contact with the ILs that in turn determines deterioration of such materials during a long time interval.
Diab: Environmental factors affecting the corrosion behaviour of reinforcing steel: I.

The micro-crack existed in rock and its development under impact load can produce accumulative damage and lead to property deterioration of rock.
From eq.(12), it can be seen that damage evolution under tensile condition will affect the material’s compressive yield strength, while compressive damage will affect the material’s tensile stiffness.
From analysis above, it can be seen that rock mass structure will directly influence propagation and attenuation of stress wave, and its influence extent depends on property of the layer.
[5] He Hongliang and Ahrens TJ: Mechanical Properties of Shock-Damaged Rocks.
Symp on Rock Fragm by Blast[C](1987), p. 412-424 [8] Grady D E and Kipp M E: Mechanisms of Dynamic Fragmentation: Factors Governing Fragment Size [R](1985), SAND-84-2304c [9] Yang Jun and Jin Qian-kun: A New Damage Model for Rock Fragmentation by Blasting Based on Stress Wave Attenuation.

Evaluation model When the system is complex and has many factors, the one level model often appear rough, can not reflect the essence of system.
is the evaluation matrix of, as a part of reflection some properties of .
Evaluation factors set (membership) is determined by the judges scores which 10 people are selected from a group of experts composed of safety experts libraries, evaluate the 56 single factor under evaluation criteria layer to obtain its evaluation that set out in Table 2.
In this paper, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to the various factors affecting the construction safety of bored pile in limestone area by multi-level comprehensive evaluation, the index system reflect the basic fundamentals of safety construction of bored pile construction.
Fuzzy Evaluation on Influence Factors of Chongqing Undergrou- nd Space[J].

Empirical evidence from the regression analysis revealed that higher composition of gravel significantly improves the concrete consistency properties while greater proportions of granite do significantly enhance comprehensive strength.
Specifically, a unit increase in granite proportion could significantly and negatively affect slump value by 65.13mm in the long run.
Jolayemi, Safety and Economic Factors of Steel Reinforcing Bars for Nigerian Sustainable Infrastructural Development: Case Study of Kwara State.
Mehta, Effect of coarse aggregate characteristic on mechanical properties of high strength concrete.
Bowles, Engineering Properties of Soil and Their Measurement, 4th ed., NewYork, McGraw Hill, 1992.