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Introduction Co thin films and Co containing multilayers exhibit various magnetic features interesting for applications in sensors, data storage and other fields of magnetoelectronics.
The reduction of defects in the film during the annealing is likely to favor the formation of densepacked planes parallel to the surface, thus bringing about the observed texture sharpening. 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 Co Co Cu Cu a) Co2/Cu4 Co4/Cu2 Co8/Cu8 Co40/Cu40 Co/Cu as-deposited Cofcc Cohcp Cu intensity [arb. units] 2� [deg] Fig. 4: �-2�-scans of Co/Cu multilayer stacks for different thicknesses of the individual layers (from bottom to top: [Co2 nm/Cu4 nm]*20; [Co4 nm/Cu2 nm]*20; [Co8 nm/Cu8 nm]*15; [Co40 nm/Cu40 nm]*3), for the as-deposited state (a), and after a 1h anneal at 450°C (b). 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 10 -1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 b) Co2/Cu4 Co4/Cu2 Co8/Cu8 Co40/Cu40 Co/Cu 450°C/1h Cofcc Cohcp Cu intensity [arb. units] 2� [deg] For decreasing thickness of the individual layers and increasing number of layers in Co/Cu multilayer stacks, however
These different transitions can be related to the competition between defect annihilation (yielding an improvement of the f.c.c. <111> texture) and elastic energy reduction (favoring the f.c.c

As can be seen from Fig.1 that with the temperature increasing, there were enhancement in the sample diffraction peak intensity and reduction in the full width at half-maximum due to the improvement of crystallinity and grain growth with increase in temperature.
It is noticed in this figure that no phosphorescence is observed in SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ without B2O3, although phase formation is complete according to XRD data.
But too many B2O3 results in the formation of Sr4Al14O25 and the reduction of luminescence intensity.

It was possibly because microorganisms other than the hydrogen-producing bacteria lacked the tolerant capacity of load impact and their activity declined, which caused a reduction in carbon dioxide and other gases.
Fig.1 Changes of biogas and hydrogen gas in operation process of the reactor Fig.2 Changes of pH in operation process of the reactor The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP).
From the above data, we came to the conclusion: although the conditions such as water pH, organic load, ORP and so on changed in various degrees, the system remained ethanol-type fermentation all the time.

Ohno also reported that the work softening started at a 50% reduction in the an A-2.0%Fe alloy without silicon, but this softening was reduced in this alloy with more than 0.2%Si [1].
Yamamoto reported that the work softening occurred at a 40% reduction of cold rolling (CR) in an Al-1.7%Fe alloy using a high purity base metal, which was homogenized at 400ºC for 24 hours, and then CR followed by annealing at 400ºC [2].
(19) Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the superposition of Yamamoto’s equation (Eq. 18), , and , on the normalized change of VH (Experimental Data), respectively, for the no soaking and 600ºC/8hWQ.

In these heat treated alloys, hardness and tensile strength undergo significant reductions at temperature equal to or higher than 200 °C; as a result, their application fields are strongly limited, especially in the case of automotive and motorbike engine components.
Room temperature tensile properties are the most sensitive to SDAS reduction: in particular, UTS increases by 18% with finer SDAS, passing from 294 MPa (C-class) to 346 (F-class), while at high temperature the increase is limited to 12,5%.
Fracture surfaces present some differences between fine and coarse samples: at low magnification the fracture path of C-class samples (Fig. 3-b) seems to be more brittle than that of the F-class specimens (Fig. 3-a), in accord with the tensile ductility data.

This method is realized at consecutive performance of a number of stages: • synthesis of the ANN models which satisfy technical requirements; • definition of structure and ANN topology according to available restrictions, for performance of transformation of information with the highest values of accuracy of functioning; • definition of technical indices of ANN with maximum digit capacity of inputs and a realization platform; • to compose a plan for experiment according to the existing normative documents; • step-by-step reduction of digit capacity of inputs and network elements before achievement of minimum admissible value of accuracy of functioning; • obtaining analytical values of necessary and sufficient digit capacity of ANN; • additional training of ANN with new values of digit capacity of inputs and elements; • visualization of the process and results of the algorithm on the diagrams.
We should remove this noise component before the data will go into the computer complex of the CMM.
The process of determining the necessary and sufficient digit capacity of inputs and neurons is an effective method of eliminating the external and intrinsic noise and non-informative elements for avoiding an unacceptable reduction in the generalization capability of ANN and providing the required accuracy of their functioning. 4.

Edge wrinkle (no edge wave ) The causes and mechanism of edge wrinkle defects 3.1 The causes of edge wrinkle defects For the reasons of edge wrinkle, Zhang Xiaohui [1] pointed out that was because the Strip edge sharp reduction in the flat and thin form, and pointed out that from the edge 50mm of the edge wrinkled steel coil, the edge drop is generally 30 ~ 40 μ m, while the coil which has no edge wrinkle, the edge drop is generally within 10 μ m.
Furthermore, according to the statistics of actual production data, the edge wrinkle defects basic all appeared in the steel whose yield strength is relatively small, and the smaller the yield strength, the higher ratio of the edge wrinkle defects appear, which further proves the above reasoning.
But if the shift of the work roll and is improperly controlled, failed to shift according to the reality of strip edge thickness, resulting in excessive shift of the work roll, will make the thickness of strip edge from thinned into thickened for the relative reduction of the strip edge is too small .

The roll surface temperature was assumed to be equal to 60°C based on thermovision measurements in industrial conditions and based on the data provided in reference [5].
In roll pass no. 3, the strain effective value in the vertex area is 0.8 due to the shaping of the ploughshare tip and reduction of the thickness.
In roll passes nos. 4 and 5, demand for the energy and force parameters is lower due to the fact that it is in these passes that the final shape is imparted to the ploughshare, and the preset rolling reduction are smaller.

Force signals were recorded and processed by a data acquisition system (DEWE 2010).
This reduction might be due to the change of material removal mechanism at different hmax.
Therefore, the reduction in the hmax can cause more ductile flow and lead to an increase in the specific grinding energy.

Through calculating the environmental capacity of water in cities, the maximum allowable discharge data is obtained to determine the optimal treatment strategy.
These plans apply function zoning and calculate the maximum allowable emissions and reductions for each function zone.
Solid waste analysis and treatment should lay stress on multi-purpose utilization – developing horizontal linkage among enterprises to promote solid waste to re-enter the production circulation system and achieving harmlessness, reduction, resource reuse by the use of modern approaches, such as incineration, chemical treatment, biological treatment and so on.